Tao Run Deft Object Detection
NVIDIAOfficialCreated by NVIDIA Corporation
- Skill
- Workflow
- Software development
- Apache-2.0
- Medium risk
- Has scripts
AutoGineer summary
Written by AutoGineer from the skill’s own files, not by the author
This skill executes a multi-stage, iterative workflow designed to improve object detection model performance through smart data augmentation. It manages a complete loop including zero-shot baseline inference, KPI analysis, per-class gap analysis, SigLIP-based embedding, unique-neighbor mining from a source pool, dataset staging, and retraining. The skill also provides a separate invocation for preparing the source pool, which involves pseudo-labeling raw images with Co-DETR, remapping classes, and converting data formats. It operates as a state-managed loop, ensuring consistency across iterations and providing automated reporting.
What it does
- Performs zero-shot baseline inference and KPI analysis on Grounding DINO models.
- Conducts per-class gap analysis to identify model weaknesses.
- Mines unique, high-value training samples from a prepared source pool using SigLIP embeddings.
- Stages mined data into the ODVG format for iterative model retraining.
- Prepares source pools by pseudo-labeling raw images and converting them to the required ODVG format.
- Maintains a persistent state machine to track progress and ensure auditability across training iterations.
When to use it
- When you need to improve the mAP of a Grounding DINO model through iterative data mining.
- When you have a large pool of unlabeled images that need to be pseudo-labeled and mined for training.
- When you want to automate the gap analysis, mining, and retraining cycle.
- When you need to prepare a source pool of images for use in a DEFT-based detection workflow.
Advantages
- Automates complex, multi-step data augmentation and training loops.
- Reduces manual effort in identifying and labeling high-value training data.
- Ensures consistent data processing and state management across iterations.
- Provides clear visibility into model performance trends through automated KPI reporting.
Usage examples
- “run the DEFT OD loop”
- The agent initiates the iterative mining and retraining process, starting with baseline inference and gap analysis.
- “prep the source pool”
- The agent runs the Co-DETR pseudo-labeling and embedding pipeline to prepare your raw images for future mining.
- “mine and retrain my detection model”
- The agent performs gap analysis, mines new samples from the source pool, stages the data, and triggers a retraining iteration.
- “improve OD mAP with gap analysis and mining”
- The agent executes the full DEFT loop to identify performance gaps and iteratively grow the training dataset to boost mAP.
Install
Download the skill as a ZIP:
https://autogineer.com/agent-skills/nvidia/tao-run-deft-object-detection/downloadUnzip it into the cross-client skills folder of your project:
mkdir -p .agents/skills && unzip tao-run-deft-object-detection.zip -d .agents/skills
Documentation by NVIDIA Corporation
Skill: tao-run-deft-object-detection
Standalone install? If this session was not initialized by the TAO skill bank plugin, run the
tao-setupskill first (host preflight, credentials, cross-skill discovery).
Execution Contract
Treat this as a disk-backed state machine, not as a prose recipe.
Preserve every explicit user value.
epoch 1meanstrain.num_epochs=1; a spec value or documented default applies only when the user did not supply that parameter. Show the source of every run parameter (user,spec, ordefault) in the Pre-Flight Summary.After the user approves the Summary, initialize
deft_state.jsononce withscripts/init_deft_state.py. Never hand-author or reinitialize it on resume.Run every bundled or inline host-Python command through
scripts/deft_python.sh. On startup, after context compaction, before every stage, and before any completion claim, run:<skill_root>/scripts/deft_python.sh \ <skill_root>/scripts/audit_deft_run.py --results-dir "${RESULTS_DIR}"If it prints
DEFT_RUN_STATUS=INVALID, stop and repair the listed disk inconsistency; do not launch another stage. Read the path printed asread_before_actionbefore continuing.Invoke the mapped underlying skill after reading the DEFT overlay. Do not replace a missing or unread stage reference, or a failed skill call, with guessed shell commands, inline Python, a different output tree, or fabricated data.
Commit every stage with
scripts/commit_stage.py; it verifies artifacts, updatesdeft_state.json, appends exactly one orderedloop_log.jsonlevent, and rolls back if its audit fails.Claim the loop complete only when this exits zero:
<skill_root>/scripts/deft_python.sh \ <skill_root>/scripts/audit_deft_run.py \ --results-dir "${RESULTS_DIR}" --require-complete
Context Discipline
Load references just in time. Run the audit, read only its
read_before_actionfile and the current stage's named section, then act. Never preload all references.Redirect verbose train, inference, and Docker output to files. Inspect at most the final 40 lines or a one-line artifact check; never print a full spec, state file, or loop log into the conversation.
A Skill-tool call loads stage instructions; it does not start a background orchestrator. Continue the documented stage in the parent immediately after it returns.
When to Use This Skill
Use this skill when the user wants an agent to run the full smart-data-augmentation loop for a TAO Grounding DINO detection model: zero-shot baseline, gap analysis, mining, dataset growth, and retraining across N iterations.
"Run the DEFT OD loop"
"Run smart data augmentation for grounding dino"
"Mine more training data for my detection model and retrain"
"Improve detection mAP with gap analysis and unique-neighbor mining"
Also use it to prepare the source pool, which is a separate run that completes before the
loop launches (see ## Two Invocations: Prep, Then Loop):
"Prep the source pool"
"Pseudo-label my unlabeled images for mining"
"Build the mining pool from these raw images"
Do not use this skill for a single standalone TAO training run, one-off inference, or gap analysis alone. Invoke the relevant leaf skill directly instead.
Scope: Grounding DINO + ODVG
This loop targets Grounding DINO with ODVG training annotations (tmm_odvg.jsonl + labelmap.json), matching the reference pipeline. dataset.train_data_sources is a list; each iteration appends one new ODVG source rather than rewriting a combined CSV. DINO and RT-DETR (COCO) are not supported by this workflow — use the leaf skills directly for those.
The loop does not train at baseline. It evaluates the supplied zero-shot / pretrained checkpoint as iteration 0 and only trains from iteration 1 onward, once mining has produced data to add.
Two Invocations: Prep, Then Loop
The source pool is prepared by its own run, before the loop launches. They are separate because a pool is prepped once and then serves many loop runs — coupling them would re-label and re-embed the same images on every launch.
| Invocation | Does | Produces |
|---|---|---|
| "Prep the source pool" | Co-DETR pseudo-labels raw pool images, folds to the target classes, converts KITTI→COCO→ODVG, verifies, embeds | coco.json, odvg/, source_embeddings.parquet, pool_report.json |
| "Run the DEFT loop" | baseline → iterations | checkpoints, KPI, the mAP trend |
Follow references/prep-source-pool.md for the first. The loop then takes those four paths as
inputs; Pre-Flight validates them and init_deft_state.py pins them, so a run cannot reach
mine with no corpus to search.
Launch Intake
Do not ask which platform to run on. This workflow supports one: every stage launches
with docker run, and its compatibility line requires docker plus the
nvidia-container-toolkit. The bank's rule in AGENTS.md is to treat a single supported
platform as the selection and only ask when an application supports several — asking here
would offer a choice that nothing downstream can act on.
Read tao-run-on-docker's ## Credentials section.
Never ask for or read credential values. Check only whether the required environment variable is set; if unset, tell the user which variable to export.
Agent Behavior
There is exactly one user gate: pre-flight confirmation. Print the Pre-Flight Summary (see
references/preflight.md), then STOP and wait for explicit approval ("go", "yes", "looks good"). Do not launch any side-effecting step before that approval.After the gate, the skill is fully autonomous. Run the entire loop without asking for confirmation. Only stop if a step fails with an unrecoverable error or a hard-stop gate fires. Print a one-line status update at each stage milestone.
Auto-mode required. The post-gate loop fires constant side-effecting calls; without auto-accept mode it stalls on the first prompt. Remind the user at the Pre-Flight Summary to enable auto-mode (shift+tab) before approving.
Non-zero command rule. Never repeat an unchanged failed command. Read the final error block, map it to the loaded stage reference, make one evidence-based correction, and rerun its documented verification. If the reference does not cover the failure, commit
status=errorand halt.Revised plan. If any run parameter changes after the Summary was shown, re-run Pre-Flight and show an updated Summary before proceeding.
Workflow
Full detail in references/pipeline-and-state.md.
Pre-Flight. Run every check in
references/preflight.md. Resolve workspace, specs, annotations, the zero-shot checkpoint, the source-pool embedding parquet, and container images. Hard stop only on missing input you cannot resolve yourself.Prep (once, before baseline). If the source pool is not already labeled and embedded, pseudo-label it with Co-DETR, fold the predictions onto the user's target classes, convert KITTI→COCO→ODVG, and embed the pool. Skip any step whose output already exists — no script does this for you, so check before each step. See
references/prep-source-pool.md.Baseline (iter_0) — no training. Run
inferencewith the supplied zero-shot / pretrained checkpoint, thenkpi_analyze. Seedtrain_grounding_dino.yamlfrom the user's template for later iterations to extend.Iterate. For each iteration 1..
max_iterations, run the seven stages in order:gap_analysis→embed→mine→stage→train→inference→kpi_analyze. Each iteration'sgap_analysisconsumes the previous phase's inference labels. Between stages run the audit and follow its one-line disk-backed next action.Stop when
max_iterationsis reached or a hard-stop gate fires. mAP is reported, not gated — the loop does not early-exit on a metric target.The report renders itself.
results/DEFT_Loop_Report.mdis written byinit_deft_state.pyand re-rendered by every acceptedcommit_stage.pycall. Do not spawn a subagent for it and do not compose it by hand; to refresh it out of band, runscripts/render_report.py --results-dir "${RESULTS_DIR}".
All stages run inline in the parent context. Prefer invoking the underlying tao-skill-bank:* skills via the Skill tool, layering loop conventions on top via the matching references/*.md overlay.
Using Bundled Scripts
Run bundled scripts through <skill_root>/scripts/deft_python.sh. Resolve every path argument to an absolute host path first. Use commit_stage.py for all state and log writes. See references/scripts-and-agents.md.
Stage Reference Modules
Each stage maps to one underlying skill or to bundled glue. Read only the current stage's overlay, then invoke.
The overlays are written against two loop variables that Pre-Flight sets and every stage uses: N, the current iteration number, and PHASE, which is baseline or iter${N}. They are stated here because a stage overlay is read on its own — see references/preflight.md for the full set.
If an overlay is missing, stop and ask the user to reinstall the plugin — the loop cannot run a stage whose settings it does not have. If a mapped skill is unavailable, do not stop and do not improvise: fall back to the overlay's documented docker run as described in references/scripts-and-agents.md, and commit that stage with --execution-path direct-container instead of the documented skill. The overlay carries everything the invocation needs, so the fallback produces the same artifacts.
On a runtime without a Skill tool (Codex, for example), the mapped skills are still on disk under the plugin root: read skills/<layer>/<name>/SKILL.md there for the invocation contract, then run it through the direct-container fallback above, committing the stage with --execution-path direct-container. On such a runtime that fallback is the expected route for every stage, not an exception.
| Stage | Overlay | Underlying skill |
|---|---|---|
prep (once) | references/prep-source-pool.md | tao-skill-bank:tao-train-codetr + tao-generate-image-embeddings (+ bundled glue) |
gap_analysis | references/tao-analyze-gaps-od-map.md | tao-skill-bank:tao-analyze-gaps-od-map |
embed | references/tao-generate-image-embeddings.md | tao-skill-bank:tao-generate-image-embeddings |
mine | references/tao-mine-od-images.md | tao-skill-bank:tao-mine-od-images |
stage | references/stage-mined-data.md | (bundled glue — no leaf skill) |
train, inference | references/grounding-dino.md | tao-skill-bank:tao-train-grounding-dino |
kpi_analyze | references/tao-analyze-detection-kpi.md | tao-skill-bank:tao-analyze-detection-kpi |
Path rule (invariant). Record absolute host paths under ${RESULTS_DIR}. Mount "$WORKSPACE:$WORKSPACE" with identical host and container paths. TAO's update_results_dir appends the task name to results_dir, so passing results_dir=X to train writes X/train/ and to inference writes X/inference/. Never append the subdirectory yourself.
Data, Pre-Flight, Pipeline, and State References
| Topic | Reference |
|---|---|
| Data contract, ODVG layout, source pool, output tree | references/data-layout.md |
| One-time source-pool prep (pseudo-label, remap, convert, embed) | references/prep-source-pool.md |
| Pre-Flight checks, defaults, Summary template | references/preflight.md |
| Pipeline stages, state schema, loop-end sequence | references/pipeline-and-state.md |
| Bundled scripts, glue, the report renderer, stage table | references/scripts-and-agents.md |
max_iterations defaults to 1 — one mine, train and score pass, the smallest run that yields a comparison against the baseline. Confirm it with the user when they have not said how many iterations they want; an unattended run takes the default rather than stopping to ask.
Gating
Run the full Pre-Flight, print the Summary, then STOP at the one user gate. After approval, run the baseline and the seven-stage iteration pipeline.
Hard-stop and never auto-retry on: any stage status=error; a missing or zero-row source-pool embedding parquet; a zero-row mining result when weak images were present; a missing ODVG annotation source; an image/annotation mismatch after staging; or a train exit that emits no new iteration checkpoint. The loop stops when max_iterations is reached or an unrecoverable gate fires. Each terminal path commits loop_stop through commit_stage.py, then follows the loop-end sequence in references/pipeline-and-state.md.
Files
- ATTRIBUTION.mdAdded by AutoGineer957 B
- BENCHMARK.md8.0 KiB
- LICENSELicence file added by AutoGineer11.2 KiB
- SKILL.md13.7 KiB
- agents/reporter.md1.4 KiB
- assets/gap_analysis_object_detection.yaml1.9 KiB
- assets/image_embeddings.yaml790 B
- assets/overlays/coco_to_odvg.yaml334 B
- assets/overlays/codetr_inference.yaml5.0 KiB
- assets/overlays/grounding_dino_inference.yaml1.3 KiB
- assets/overlays/kitti_to_coco.yaml500 B
- assets/overlays/kpi_analyze.yaml2.0 KiB
- assets/tmm_unique_neighbor_matching.yaml1.7 KiB
- assets/train_grounding_dino.yaml2.6 KiB
- config/skillspector-baseline.yaml4.6 KiB
- evals/evals.json5.6 KiB
- references/data-layout.md7.7 KiB
- references/example_classes_its.yaml2.0 KiB
- references/grounding-dino.md16.7 KiB
- references/pipeline-and-state.md15.4 KiB
- references/preflight.md29.4 KiB
- references/prep-source-pool.md27.3 KiB
- references/scripts-and-agents.md15.2 KiB
- references/stage-mined-data.md6.3 KiB
- references/tao-analyze-detection-kpi.md11.4 KiB
- references/tao-analyze-gaps-od-map.md8.6 KiB
- references/tao-generate-image-embeddings.md4.0 KiB
- references/tao-mine-od-images.md8.2 KiB
- scripts/apply_spec_overrides.pyScript16.0 KiB
- scripts/audit_deft_run.pyScript39.2 KiB
- scripts/await_stage.pyScript7.5 KiB
- scripts/commit_stage.pyScript52.8 KiB
- scripts/deft_python.shScript2.5 KiB
- scripts/deft_stages.pyScript8.4 KiB
- scripts/emit_default_spec.pyScript9.1 KiB
- scripts/fetch_codetr_checkpoint.pyScript10.4 KiB
- scripts/fetch_gdino_checkpoint.pyScript7.4 KiB
- scripts/init_deft_state.pyScript44.8 KiB
- scripts/prepare_budget_for_mining.pyScript7.1 KiB
- scripts/prepare_class_mappings_for_mining_data_prep.pyScript8.9 KiB
- scripts/prepare_exclude_for_mining.pyScript4.7 KiB
- scripts/prepare_input_for_image_embeddings.pyScript4.3 KiB
- scripts/prepare_mapping_for_kpi_analyze.pyScript5.1 KiB
- scripts/prepare_spec_for_train.pyScript11.8 KiB
- scripts/prepare_thresholds_for_gap_analysis.pyScript5.9 KiB
- scripts/prepare_val_split_for_train.pyScript5.5 KiB
- scripts/render_report.pyScript33.7 KiB
- scripts/stage_mined_odvg.pyScript10.3 KiB
- scripts/summarize_kpi.pyScript9.1 KiB
- scripts/tests/test_state_machine.shScript178.2 KiB
- scripts/validate_odvg_images.pyScript4.6 KiB
- scripts/validate_pool_coco.pyScript13.0 KiB
- scripts/verify_class_contract.pyScript8.0 KiB
- scripts/verify_embed_encoder.pyScript3.8 KiB
- scripts/verify_pseudo_labels.pyScript7.5 KiB
- skill-card.md5.5 KiB
- skill.oms.sig16.6 KiB
references/stage-mined-data.md
DEFT OD — Staging Stage Overlay (bundled glue)
This stage has no leaf skill. It turns the miner's flat list of filepaths into a trainable ODVG source, validates it, and extends the exclude set for the next iteration. All three scripts are bundled and run on the host through scripts/deft_python.sh — no container.
Why this is glue and not a skill
The reference pipeline performed these steps inside internal container images (smart_data_augmentation, data_utils, mining:v2) whose scripts are not published. Each is pure file manipulation — pandas, shutil, json — so the loop owns them directly rather than depending on images it cannot pull or audit.
Step 1 — Stage mined images into an ODVG source
<skill_root>/scripts/deft_python.sh <skill_root>/scripts/stage_mined_odvg.py \
--mined-parquet "${RESULTS_DIR}/iter${N}/mining/final_unique_files.parquet" \
--annotations-base-dir "<source pool ODVG dir>" \
--output-images-dir "${RESULTS_DIR}/iter${N}/tmm/images" \
--output-annotations-dir "${RESULTS_DIR}/iter${N}/tmm/annotations" \
--report-json "${RESULTS_DIR}/iter${N}/tmm/staging_report.json"For each mined filepath it copies the image, looks up that image's ODVG record by basename under --annotations-base-dir, renumbers image_id sequentially from 0, remaps instances[].label through the labelmap, and appends the record to tmm_odvg.jsonl. It then writes labelmap.json — reusing the first *labelmap.json found under the annotations tree, or synthesizing one from the observed categories when none exists.
Two deliberate differences from the reference implementation:
tmm_odvg.jsonlis truncated, not appended. The reference opened it in append mode, so re-running an iteration silently doubled every annotation. Re-running this script is idempotent.Both
filepathandsource_filepathare accepted as the mined-image column, because the miner generations disagree on the name.
--min-success-rate (default 0.9) hard-fails when the fraction of mined images that resolved to an annotation falls below the given ratio. A default of 0 would let one annotated image out of thousands pass while the rest stage as unlabelled orphans and the whole batch still enters the exclusion set — mined, excluded from future iterations, and never trained on. The script always fails when zero annotations were staged, since training would then have no new data.
Step 2 — Validate the staged source
<skill_root>/scripts/deft_python.sh <skill_root>/scripts/validate_odvg_images.py \
--image-dir "${RESULTS_DIR}/iter${N}/tmm/images" \
--odvg "${RESULTS_DIR}/iter${N}/tmm/annotations/tmm_odvg.jsonl" \
--key-field file_nameHard-fails when an ODVG record references an image missing on disk, when the file has no usable records, or when duplicate records are present. Catching this here is the point: without it, training fails partway through an epoch with a GPU already allocated. Images with no ODVG record are reported as orphans and are harmless; pass --prune to delete them.
This is a hard-stop gate. Do not train on a source that fails validation.
Step 3 — Extend the exclude set
<skill_root>/scripts/deft_python.sh <skill_root>/scripts/prepare_exclude_for_mining.py \
--parquet-a "${RESULTS_DIR}/iter${N}/mining/final_unique_files.parquet" \
--parquet-b "${RESULTS_DIR}/iter$((N-1))/mined_cumulative.parquet" \
--iteration "${N}" \
--output "${RESULTS_DIR}/iter${N}/mined_cumulative.parquet"Omit --parquet-b entirely on iteration 1 — there is no previous cumulative. Always pass --iteration ${N}: a --parquet-b that does not exist is tolerated only at iteration 1 and is an error after it. Dropping the previous cumulative silently un-excludes everything earlier iterations mined, so the next mine re-selects images the model has already trained on and nothing in the output reveals it.
The output feeds the next iteration's miner as exclude_path, so the loop never re-mines an image it already added.
Mining budget
desired_unique_count is computed once and held constant across iterations, matching the reference pipeline:
<skill_root>/scripts/deft_python.sh <skill_root>/scripts/prepare_budget_for_mining.py \
--weak-parquet "${RESULTS_DIR}/iter1/gaps/weak_images.parquet" \
--multiplier "<multiplier>" \
--max-count "<source pool row count>" \
--pool-size "<source pool row count>" \
--already-mined "<rows in the cumulative exclude parquet, 0 on iteration 1>" \
--remaining-iterations "<iterations still to run, including this one>" \
--report-json "${RESULTS_DIR}/iter${N}/mining/budget.json"--pool-size, --already-mined and --remaining-iterations make the budget a
feasibility check. The pool is finite and each iteration excludes what earlier ones
mined, so the run needs roughly budget x remaining_iterations unmined images to
finish. When it does not have them the script says so here — before this
iteration's train, inference and KPI — rather than at the next iteration's mine
an hour later:
POOL SHORTFALL: 59 unmined pool images remain (5000 pool - 4941 already mined), but
1 more iterations at a budget of 5000 need 5000.
This pool can supply 0 more full iteration(s).That is not an error: a spent pool is a documented terminal state. Stop the loop and
record it with commit_stage.py --stage loop_stop --pool-exhausted --pool-remaining N,
where N is the real remaining count. Pass --fail-on-shortfall to exit 2 instead of
warning.
Point --weak-parquet at iteration 1's weak-images parquet on every iteration. Iteration 1 has the largest gap set (the model is weakest against the zero-shot baseline), so the budget stays constant as later iterations improve, instead of decaying toward zero. Only the number is written to stdout, so the caller can capture it directly.
Commit
<skill_root>/scripts/deft_python.sh <skill_root>/scripts/commit_stage.py \
--results-dir "${RESULTS_DIR}" --iter-label "iter${N}" --stage stage \
--odvg "${RESULTS_DIR}/iter${N}/tmm/annotations/tmm_odvg.jsonl" \
--label-map "${RESULTS_DIR}/iter${N}/tmm/annotations/labelmap.json" \
--staged-images-dir "${RESULTS_DIR}/iter${N}/tmm/images" \
--exclude-parquet "${RESULTS_DIR}/iter${N}/mined_cumulative.parquet" \
--duration-sec "$(( SECONDS - started ))" \
--summary "staged <N> images with annotations"Requirements and compatibility
Works with: Claude Code, Claude apps, OpenAI Codex, GitHub Copilot, Cursor, Gemini CLI, Kiro, OpenCode, Goose, Amp, Roo Code, JetBrains Junie, Factory Droid, Devin (ex-Windsurf), Mistral Vibe, OpenHands, Letta
“Works with” means the tool reads the open Agent Skills format; a skill written for one tool may use features others lack.
Needs: Declares allowed tools, Needs Python
The author says: Requires docker + nvidia-container-toolkit and one or more CUDA GPUs. Workflows declare additional requirements.
Security
What our scanner noticed· Medium risk
- Large base64-encoded blobs
- References to credential files
- Scripts that your agent may run
This skill includes scripts that your agent may run. Read them before you use it.
A static scan is not a guarantee. Skills are third-party content: review a skill before you let an agent use it.
Attribution and licence
- Created by
- NVIDIA Corporation
- Publisher
- NVIDIA (Official)
- Source
- NVIDIA/skills · skills/tao-run-deft-object-detection · commit fce3cca
- Licence
- Apache License 2.0 (redistribution allowed)
- LICENSE (added by AutoGineer from LICENSE-APACHE)
- ATTRIBUTION.md (written by AutoGineer)
- Synced
AutoGineer is not affiliated with or endorsed by NVIDIA Corporation or NVIDIA.
Download ZIP
The ZIP holds the skill’s files, its licence files and an ATTRIBUTION.md. Download tao-run-deft-object-detection.zip