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AWS Media Services

AWSOfficialPublished by AWS

  • Skill
  • Tool integration
  • Cloud and DevOps
  • Apache-2.0
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From the author

Designs, deploys, reviews, evaluates, audits, and troubleshoots video streaming workflows across AWS media services (MediaConnect, MediaLive, MediaConvert, MediaPackage v2, MediaTailor, CloudFront). Includes per-service validation rules, cross-service workflow patterns for live streaming, linear channels, VOD pipelines, and live-to-VOD, service-specific troubleshooting, best practices assessment, cost optimization, encoder settings, DRM, SCTE-35 ad insertion, epoch locking, and CDN cache configuration.
— the description by AWS

AutoGineer summary

Written by AutoGineer from the skill’s own files, not by the author

This skill provides a structured framework for managing end-to-end video streaming pipelines using AWS Media Services. It acts as an orchestrator that enforces mandatory rule-loading sequences to ensure configurations adhere to service constraints, security best practices, and performance requirements. It covers the full lifecycle of live, linear, and VOD workflows, including ingest, encoding, packaging, ad insertion, and CDN delivery.

What it does

  • Provides a mandatory dependency-based workflow for building and modifying streaming pipelines.
  • Enforces the loading of specific service rules to prevent configuration errors.
  • Offers a comprehensive troubleshooting guide for cross-service signal chain issues.
  • Includes a discovery checklist to gather requirements before resource deployment.
  • Defines strict startup and shutdown sequences for live streaming events.
  • Provides best practices for cost optimization and resilience in media architectures.

When to use it

  • When building or modifying live, linear, or VOD video streaming workflows.
  • When troubleshooting errors, latency, or sync issues across AWS media services.
  • When auditing existing configurations for compliance or performance optimization.
  • When planning a new media project and needing to understand service dependencies.
  • When configuring complex features like SCTE-35 ad insertion, DRM, or epoch locking.

Advantages

  • Prevents common configuration errors by enforcing dependency-aware resource creation.
  • Ensures compliance with service-specific constraints and security policies.
  • Reduces troubleshooting time by providing structured, service-specific diagnostic paths.
  • Promotes architectural best practices for resilience and cost efficiency.
  • Standardizes the approach to complex media tasks like ad insertion and CDN integration.

Usage examples

“I need to set up a live event workflow using MediaConnect, MediaLive, and MediaPackage. What is the correct order?”
The agent will load the core rules, the live event workflow file, and the relevant service rules, then guide you through the dependency-ordered creation process starting with VPC/IAM, followed by MediaPackage, MediaConnect, and finally MediaLive.
“My MediaLive channel is failing to start and showing pipeline errors. How do I fix it?”
The agent will load the core rules and the MediaLive troubleshooting file, then prompt you to check specific pipeline failover settings and encoder configurations based on the loaded rules.

Install

  1. Download the skill as a ZIP:

    https://autogineer.com/agent-skills/aws/aws-media-services/download
  2. Unzip it into the cross-client skills folder of your project:

    mkdir -p .agents/skills && unzip aws-media-services.zip -d .agents/skills

Documentation by AWS

AWS Media Services

Use this skill when the user is doing ANY of the following with AWS media services:

  • Building or modifying a video workflow (ingest, encoding, packaging, ad insertion, CDN delivery)

  • Reviewing, evaluating, or auditing an existing or proposed configuration for best practices, compliance, or correctness

  • Troubleshooting errors, alerts, or unexpected behavior

  • Asking questions about service constraints, compatibility rules, encoder settings, IAM policies, security groups, DRM, SCTE-35, caching, scaling, or any other AWS media topic

  • Planning a new workflow and needs to understand requirements, dependencies, or the discovery checklist

  • Optimizing cost, resilience, or performance of an existing workflow

If the user mentions ANY AWS media service by name (MediaConnect, MediaLive, MediaConvert, MediaPackage, MediaTailor) or related concepts (HLS, DASH, CMAF, ABR ladder, SCTE-35, epoch locking, origin shield, CDI, SRT, RTMP, transcode, live streaming, VOD pipeline, ad insertion, SSAI), load this skill.

This file is the orchestrator. It tells you which reference files to load based on the user's task. Do not load all files at once. Load on demand per the routing table below.


MANDATORY FIRST STEP — Read Before Doing Anything Else

STOP. Before you make ANY API call, pull ANY resource configuration, write ANY code, or produce ANY recommendation, you MUST load the required rule files into context. No exceptions. This applies to every task type: building, modifying, evaluating, troubleshooting, or answering questions.

The rule content is split across:

  • references/service-rules-core.md — cross-service compatibility constraints, common agent mistakes, and security considerations. ALWAYS loaded.

  • references/service-rules-encoding.md — shared encoder settings (QVBR, GOP, profiles, quality tuning, deinterlacing). Loaded for any encoding task.

  • references/service-rules-mediaconnect.md

  • references/service-rules-medialive.md

  • references/service-rules-mediaconvert.md

  • references/service-rules-mediapackage.md

  • references/service-rules-mediatailor.md

  • references/service-rules-cloudfront.md

Per-service rule files are loaded conditionally based on which services the query involves. Without the relevant rules loaded, you will produce recommendations based on general knowledge that may contradict the documented rules, flag correct configurations as problems, or miss critical constraints entirely.

Sequence (every time):

  1. Read references/service-rules-core.md — confirm it is in context before proceeding. ALWAYS required.

  2. Determine the task type and consult the Task Routing tables below to identify both the workflow/troubleshooting file AND the per-service rules to co-load.

  3. For ad-hoc questions that don't match a workflow or troubleshooting category: if the user names specific service(s), load those service rule files. If the question is symptom-based or you cannot determine which services are involved, load ALL per-service rule files.

  4. Only then begin resource discovery, API calls, or implementation.

If you find yourself about to call aws medialive describe-channel or similar and you have NOT yet read the core rules file plus the relevant per-service rules, stop and go back to step 1.


Task Routing

Building or modifying a workflow

Determine the workflow type. Load the matching workflow file AND the per-service rules listed in the right column (the core rules file is already loaded from the mandatory first step above).

Workflow typeWorkflow fileService rules to co-load
Live event (ingest → encode → package → deliver)references/workflow-live-event.mdmediaconnect + medialive + encoding + mediapackage + cloudfront (+ mediatailor if ads)
Linear channel (24/7 with schedule, ad insertion)references/workflow-linear-channel.mdmedialive + encoding + mediapackage + mediatailor + cloudfront
VOD pipeline (file-based transcode → package → deliver)references/workflow-vod-pipeline.mdmediaconvert + encoding + mediapackage + cloudfront
Live-to-VOD (live + archive/harvest → VOD transcode)references/workflow-live-event.md + references/workflow-vod-pipeline.mdunion of live event + VOD pipeline
Ad insertion (SSAI/CSAI, MediaTailor scaling)references/workflow-ad-insertion.mdmedialive + encoding + mediapackage + mediatailor + cloudfront
Contribution transport (MediaConnect, SRT, DX, encoders)references/workflow-contribution-distribution.mdmediaconnect + medialive + encoding
Router-based switching (master control, dynamic routing, playout)references/workflow-contribution-distribution.mdmediaconnect + medialive + encoding
Resilience (dual-AZ, dual-region, epoch locking, multi-CDN, ops readiness)references/workflow-resilience-patterns.mdALL (cross-cutting)
Cost optimization (reserved vs on-demand, channel classes, right-sizing)references/workflow-cost-optimization.mdALL (cross-cutting)
Subtitles and accessibility (captions, multi-language, auto-captioning)references/workflow-subtitles-accessibility.mdmedialive + mediaconvert + encoding
Troubleshooting

Load the relevant troubleshooting file(s) for the problem area AND the per-service rules listed in the right column. The core rules file is already loaded from the mandatory first step above. Load only the files needed.

Problem areaTroubleshooting fileService rules to co-load
MediaConnect flow issues, source connectivity, VPC interfaces, MediaConnect Routerreferences/troubleshooting-mediaconnect.mdmediaconnect
MediaLive channel errors, alerts, encoding, pipeline failoverreferences/troubleshooting-medialive.mdmedialive + encoding
MediaPackage ingest failures, manifest issues, access denied, v1→v2 migrationreferences/troubleshooting-mediapackage.mdmediapackage
MediaConvert job failures, codec errors, output issues, automationreferences/troubleshooting-mediaconvert.mdmediaconvert + encoding
MediaTailor ad insertion, ADS issues, SSAI scaling, session managementreferences/troubleshooting-mediatailor.mdmediatailor + medialive + mediapackage + cloudfront
CloudFront origin errors, cache behavior, multi-CDN, Embedded POPs (ePOP)references/troubleshooting-cloudfront.mdcloudfront + mediapackage
Cross-service signal chain (no video, latency, sync, AZ alignment, IAM, failover)references/troubleshooting-pipeline.mdALL
Quick reference

For a quick answer about a specific service's constraints, valid parameter values, or compatibility rules:

  1. references/service-rules-core.md is already loaded (mandatory first step).

  2. If the user names specific service(s) in the query, load those per-service rule files (e.g. references/service-rules-medialive.md).

  3. If the question crosses service boundaries (e.g., MediaPackage→MediaTailor compatibility), the cross-service rules are already in service-rules-core.md.

  4. If you can't determine which services are involved, load ALL per-service rule files.

This includes the following topics:

  • MediaTailor scaling patterns (multi-region, CDN origin shield, prefetch)

  • MediaConnect Router (paired resilient zonal endpoints) and downstream NDI converter caveats

  • Epoch locking and cross-region failover

  • Contribution transport (SRT tuning, Direct Connect sizing, RTP+FEC)

  • Multi-CDN architecture patterns

  • CloudFront advanced patterns (Embedded POPs / ePOP, CF Functions, segment sharding)

  • Operational readiness for live events (capacity planning, KPI baselines)

  • DRM production patterns and MediaPackage v1→v2 migration

  • Audio, HDR, and codec configuration details


Workflow Discovery Checklist

Before creating ANY resources for a new workflow, gather requirements from the user in a fixed order (mode → cost/scale → approach → source → network → encoding → ad insertion → packaging → IAM → VOD-specific). Do not proceed until all required items are answered; later questions depend on earlier answers.

Load references/workflow-discovery-checklist.md for the full ordered question set whenever building or modifying a workflow.

Plan Validation (before presenting to user)

Before presenting a proposed configuration to the user, cross-check against the loaded service rules:

  • Codec/container compatibility (e.g., HEVC requires fMP4, not TS)

  • GOP/segment duration alignment across all ABR rungs

  • Dependency ordering (downstream before upstream)

  • IAM trust policy includes all required service principals + sts:TagSession

  • IAM permissions scoped to specific resource ARNs (no Resource: "*")

  • Security posture (CIDR scoped, OAC configured, no Principal: *)

  • All prerequisite resources included (IAM roles, VPC, MediaPackage channel MUST be in the plan before resources that depend on them)

Do NOT make API calls during this step. This is a rules-based review of the proposed plan against constraints already in context.

Agents MUST NOT skip dependency steps to save time. All prerequisites (IAM, VPC, MediaPackage channel, etc.) MUST be created before resources that reference them. Skipping steps and fixing errors reactively leads to circular troubleshooting loops. Execute the plan in dependency order.


Resource Creation Order

Respect dependency order — a resource must exist before anything that references it (live chain, VOD chain, live-to-VOD addition, and the common flow patterns table).

Load references/resource-creation-order.md for the full dependency chains and flow-pattern table when creating resources.

Startup and Shutdown (Live Only)

Start upstream first and poll each resource to its ready state before proceeding (STARTING ≠ running); shut down in reverse (STOPPING ≠ stopped). Poll on a tight ~5s cadence.

Load references/startup-shutdown.md for the ordered start/stop tables and the polling pattern (including MediaConnect Router lifecycle) when operating a live workflow.

Tooling

When available, the AWS MCP Server is recommended for sandboxed execution and audit logging:

  • AWS MCP Server (aws-mcp-server): AWS API access, Agent SOPs for guided multi-step workflows, and documentation search via search_documentation and read_documentation.

  • AWS IaC MCP Server (aws-iac-mcp-server): CloudFormation template validation, CDK documentation search, CDK code samples, and IaC best practices.

Large response warning: MediaLive describe-channel and MediaPackage list-* calls return very large JSON. Always use --query (JMESPath) to extract only the fields you need.

# Good — extract only what you need
aws medialive describe-channel --channel-id 12345 --query "{State:State,Name:Name,Id:Id}"
aws medialive list-channels --query "Channels[].{Name:Name,Id:Id,State:State}"
aws mediapackagev2 list-origin-endpoints --channel-group-name X --channel-name Y \
  --query "Items[].{Name:OriginEndpointName,Url:HlsManifests[0].Url}"

Files

references/workflow-ad-insertion.md

Ad Insertion Workflow

Architecture Selection

IF standard live event with personalized ads (<500K concurrent):
  → Standard SSAI (1:1 personalized sessions)
IF >500K concurrent:
  → Standard SSAI, PLUS contact AWS Support at least 2 weeks ahead for capacity
  → See "Scaling for Large Events" below before proposing any architecture change
IF extreme scale:
  → Multi-region MediaTailor + CDN mid-tier caching
  → LOAD references/workflow-resilience-patterns.md for multi-region scaling
IF schedule-driven VOD channel with ad breaks:
  → Channel Assembly with SSAI
Source → MediaLive (SCTE-35 passthrough) → MediaPackage v2
  → MediaTailor (fetches the origin manifest, personalizes per session)
    → CloudFront: /v1/master, /v1/manifest, /v1/dash, /v1/session, /v1/tracking, /segment
  → CloudFront: /out/v1/* content segments direct from MediaPackage, bypassing MediaTailor

AWS does NOT recommend positioning a CDN between a content origin and MediaTailor. MediaTailor already holds a fetched origin manifest and serves it to more than one session, so origin fetches sit well below player requests. The exception is a channel assembly content source, where AWS recommends a CDN in between. See service-rules-cloudfront.md.

Actions:

  1. Create the MediaTailor playback configuration (content source URL + ADS URL). Any public HLS or DASH origin qualifies, not only MediaPackage

  2. Configure CdnConfiguration prefixes (content and ad segment) so segment URLs route through CloudFront

  3. Configure SlateAdUrl if the break should show slate rather than the underlying content. Slate is live and live-to-VOD only, optional for non-VPAID and mandatory for VPAID

  4. Set AdMarkerPassthrough only if downstream players or analytics need the original break boundaries. It is HLS only, defaults to false, and gates EXT-X-CUE-OUT, EXT-X-CUE-IN and EXT-X-SPLICEPOINT-SCTE35. EXT-X-DATERANGE passes through regardless

SCTE-35 chain validation (all MUST be true):

  • MediaLive: Scte35Type: SCTE_35_WITHOUT_SEGMENTATION in CmafIngestGroupSettings

  • MediaLive: EXT-X-PROGRAM-DATE-TIME included in HLS/CMAF output

  • MediaPackage v2: exposes SCTE-35 in the manifest

  • MediaTailor: receives markers in manifest

CDN cache rules:

  • Manifest, session and tracking behaviours: TTL=0, forward all query strings and User-Agent

  • Ad segment behaviour: cache hard, and forward nothing. Ad segments are identical for every viewer, so forwarding query strings or headers gives each viewer a private cache entry

  • Content segments: TTL=24h+, served from MediaPackage, never through MediaTailor

Validation: a GET of the playback URL returns a personalized multivariant playlist. The ad segments are in the per-session media playlist under /v1/manifest/..., not in the multivariant playlist, so agents MUST follow a variant URI to confirm stitching.


Extreme Scale

PreconditionsStandard SSAI working; CDN mid-tier cache configured; AWS Support engaged
Use whenConcurrency far above the 500K Support-engagement threshold

SSAI manifests are personalized per session by design, so there is no mode that coalesces viewers onto a shared manifest. Scale the session count, do not try to reduce it.

IF viewership is at extreme scale:
  → Confirm AWS Support has capacity in place for the event before anything else
  → Deploy CDN mid-tier caching between viewers and MediaTailor
  → Enable CloudFront Origin Shield on the MediaTailor origin to cut requests reaching MediaTailor
  → Deploy MediaTailor in multiple regions and route session init to the nearest
IF audience-specific content (not ad personalization) is the requirement:
  → That is Channel Assembly Program Rules, not an SSAI scaling mode. Audience cohorts there select
    alternate media on a STANDARD tier LINEAR channel
  → LOAD references/workflow-linear-channel.md

Scaling for Large Events

PreconditionsStandard SSAI deployed and tested
Decision triggersExpected concurrency >500K, multi-region requirement, ADS latency concerns
Decision: Scaling pattern
IF expected concurrency >500K:
  → Contact AWS Support at least 2 WEEKS before the event so capacity is in place for ad
    personalization. This is the documented first step and no CDN design substitutes for it
  → Request quota increases through the Service Quotas console in the same window
  → Enable CloudFront Origin Shield on the MediaTailor origin. It reduces the requests reaching
    MediaTailor, NOT MediaTailor's own fetches from the content origin
  → Enable prefetch for mid-roll ad breaks, and price it first: every prefetched creative
    MediaTailor transcodes is billed at the standard transcoding rate whether or not it is consumed
IF a multi-region deployment is required:
  → Deploy MediaTailor in multiple regions, with a playback configuration per region
  → Route session init to the nearest region
  → For CloudFront media quality aware routing, an origin group with the media quality score
    option and a matching MediaTailor configuration in each region are both required
  → LOAD references/workflow-resilience-patterns.md for multi-region patterns
IF ADS latency >1500ms P90:
  → Tune AdsRequestTimeoutMilliseconds, and use prefetch to take the ADS call off the manifest path
  → TPS-based traffic shaping is a PREFETCH schedule feature, not a general ADS latency control
IF VAST beacons point to non-functional endpoints:
  → Fix the beacon endpoints. ?aws.reportingMode=CLIENT stops MediaTailor firing them, which
    moves ALL beaconing to the player: an unmodified player then reports nothing and impressions
    go to zero. Agents MUST confirm the player fires beacons from the tracking endpoint first

Pipeline locking (recommended for failover-sensitive workflows): Pipeline locking on MediaLive matches segment numbers across both pipelines so a pipeline failover does not break in-flight MediaTailor sessions. It is RECOMMENDED for large-scale or failover-sensitive SSAI deployments. Without it, SSAI still works under steady-state but a pipeline failover may cause player session reinitialization or brief glitches.

Monitoring Thresholds

MetricTypical targetIf exceeded
AdDecisionServer.Errors<1%Investigate ADS health
AdDecisionServer.Timeouts<1%Check ADS latency, increase timeout
Avail.FillRateoperator target onlyPlanned simple average of per-avail fill percentages, not percent of breaks filled. Use metric math on Avail.FilledDuration / Avail.Duration for a duration-weighted rate
GetManifest.Errors<1%Check origin health
GetManifest.Latency P90<1500msInvestigate origin health, or CloudFront Origin Shield on the MediaTailor origin

Common Mistakes

MistakeConsequenceFix
Caching personalized manifestsAll viewers see same adsTTL=0 on every MediaTailor manifest and session behaviour
Forwarding query strings on the ad segment behaviourPer-viewer ad segment cache entries; CDN and MediaTailor ad delivery out both riseForward nothing on /tm/*. Keep full forwarding on /segment/*, which is the beacon redirect
Reusing a <Creative id>The older stored ad plays, with no error, no skip reason and no metricA unique id per creative
Migrating from implicit GET to POST /v1/sessionReporting mode flips to client-side, MediaTailor stops firing beacons, impressions go to zero silentlyConfirm who fires beacons before changing the entry point
Not forwarding User-AgentADS receives CDN user agentForward User-Agent header through CDN
Not forwarding query stringsAd targeting variables lostForward all query strings
Missing SCTE-35 at any chain pointNo ad breaks detectedVerify at each service (see rules file)

Requirements and compatibility

Works with: Claude Code, Claude apps, OpenAI Codex, GitHub Copilot, Cursor, Gemini CLI, Kiro, OpenCode, Goose, Amp, Roo Code, JetBrains Junie, Factory Droid, Devin (ex-Windsurf), Mistral Vibe, OpenHands, Letta

“Works with” means the tool reads the open Agent Skills format; a skill written for one tool may use features others lack.

Needs: Needs an MCP server, Needs a command-line tool

Security

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Attribution and licence

Published by
AWS
Publisher
AWS (Official)
Source
aws/agent-toolkit-for-aws · skills/specialized-skills/media-services-skills/aws-media-services · commit 0a218f8
Licence
Apache License 2.0 (redistribution allowed)
  • LICENSE (added by AutoGineer from LICENSE)
  • NOTICE (added by AutoGineer from NOTICE)
  • ATTRIBUTION.md (written by AutoGineer)
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