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Trailmark

Trail of BitsOfficialPublished by Trail of Bits

  • Skill
  • Tool integration
  • Security
  • CC-BY-SA-4.0
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From the author

Builds and queries multi-language source and binary code graphs for security analysis. Includes pre-analysis passes for blast radius, taint propagation, privilege boundaries, entry point enumeration, proxy/unresolved-call tracking, type/reference queries, structural traversal, graph diffs, audit augmentation, declared cross-language/FFI/external links via `.trailmark/links.toml`, and SQL schema graphs. Use when analyzing call paths, mapping attack surface, finding complexity hotspots, enumerating entry points, tracing taint propagation, measuring blast radius, importing SARIF/weAudit/binary findings, linking source graphs across language or RPC boundaries, or building a code graph for audit prioritization. Feature-gate version-specific Trailmark APIs before using them; prefer `trailmark.parse.detect_languages()` or `--language auto` when the target language is unknown or polyglot.
— the description by Trail of Bits

AutoGineer summary

Written by AutoGineer from the skill’s own files, not by the author

Trailmark is a security-focused tool that parses source code and binaries into a directed graph of functions, classes, and calls. It provides deep visibility into complex, polyglot codebases by enabling structural traversal, call path analysis, and automated pre-analysis passes. These passes identify critical security indicators such as blast radius, privilege boundaries, and taint propagation paths. By integrating with SARIF and weAudit findings, Trailmark helps security engineers prioritize audit efforts, identify entry points, and understand the impact of potential vulnerabilities across language and RPC boundaries.

What it does

  • Parses multi-language source code and binaries into a queryable directed graph.
  • Performs automated pre-analysis to identify blast radius, taint propagation, and privilege boundaries.
  • Enables complex graph queries for call paths, transitive slices, and entry point reachability.
  • Supports cross-language and external link configuration via repository-level settings.
  • Provides programmatic access to graph data, annotations, and structural metadata for custom security workflows.
  • Imports external binary-analysis graphs to bridge the gap between source and binary security views.

When to use it

  • When mapping attack surfaces and identifying entry points in unfamiliar or large codebases.
  • When performing security audits and needing to prioritize high-complexity or high-blast-radius functions.
  • When tracing potential taint flow from untrusted entry points to sensitive sinks.
  • When analyzing call relationships across FFI, RPC, or multi-language boundaries.
  • When preparing evidence packets for specific security findings or candidate vulnerabilities.

Advantages

  • Provides a unified graph view across polyglot projects and binary boundaries.
  • Automates the identification of high-risk areas through pre-analysis passes.
  • Reduces manual effort in mapping complex call chains and attack surfaces.
  • Allows for precise, programmatic security queries rather than relying on manual code reading.
  • Integrates seamlessly with existing security reporting formats like SARIF.

Usage examples

“Analyze the current directory for security hotspots and entry points.”
The agent runs trailmark analyze --language auto, generates a summary, and identifies high-complexity functions and entry points for audit prioritization.
“Find all call paths from user input to the sensitive function execute_query.”
The agent uses engine.paths_between('handle_request', 'execute_query') to map and report the specific call chains.
“Identify nodes that sit on a privilege boundary.”
The agent runs engine.preanalysis() and retrieves the privilege_boundary subgraph to highlight trust transitions.
“Check if a specific function is reachable from any untrusted entry point.”
The agent queries the tainted subgraph or uses engine.entrypoint_paths_to() to determine if the function is exposed to untrusted input.

Install

  1. Download the skill as a ZIP:

    https://autogineer.com/agent-skills/trailofbits/trailmark/download
  2. Unzip it into the cross-client skills folder of your project:

    mkdir -p .agents/skills && unzip trailmark.zip -d .agents/skills

Documentation by Trail of Bits

Trailmark

Parses source code into a directed graph of functions, classes, calls, and semantic metadata for security analysis.

When to Use

  • Mapping call paths from user input to sensitive functions

  • Finding complexity hotspots for audit prioritization

  • Identifying attack surface and entrypoints

  • Understanding call relationships in unfamiliar codebases

  • Security review or audit preparation across polyglot projects

  • Adding LLM-inferred annotations (assumptions, preconditions) to code units

  • Importing external binary-analysis graphs to connect source and binary views

  • Querying transitive slices, entrypoint paths, subgraph edges, or type references

  • Producing graph evidence for one suspicious function or candidate finding

  • Pre-analysis before mutation testing (genotoxic skill) or diagramming

When NOT to Use

  • Single-file scripts where call graph adds no value (read the file directly)

  • Architecture diagrams not derived from code (use the diagramming-code skill or draw by hand)

  • Mutation testing triage (use the genotoxic skill, which calls trailmark internally)

  • Runtime behavior analysis (trailmark is static, not dynamic)

Rationalizations to Reject

RationalizationWhy It's WrongRequired Action
"I'll just read the source files manually"Manual reading misses call paths, blast radius, and taint dataInstall trailmark and use the API
"Pre-analysis isn't needed for a quick query"Blast radius, taint, and privilege data are only available after preanalysis()Always run engine.preanalysis() before handing off to other skills
"The graph is too large, I'll sample"Sampling misses cross-module attack pathsBuild the full graph; use subgraph queries to focus
"Uncertain edges don't matter"Dynamic dispatch is where type confusion bugs hideAccount for uncertain edges in security claims
"Single-language analysis is enough"Polyglot repos have FFI boundaries where bugs clusterUse the correct --language flag per component
"Complexity hotspots are the only thing worth checking"Low-complexity functions on tainted paths are high-value targetsCombine complexity with taint and blast radius data
"The docs mention a version-gated method, so I can call it anywhere"Many environments still have Trailmark 0.2.x installedCheck the installed version or probe feature availability before using v0.4+/v0.5+ features

Installation

MANDATORY: If trailmark is not found, install the CLI before doing anything else:

uv tool install trailmark

A tool install provides the CLI only — it does not make import trailmark resolvable. Run the Python snippets in this skill with uv run --with trailmark python -; that, not installation, is the fix for an import error or ModuleNotFoundError in a snippet.

DO NOT fall back to "manual verification", "manual analysis", or reading source files by hand as a substitute for running trailmark. The tool must be installed and used programmatically. If installation fails, report the error to the user instead of silently switching to manual code reading.

Version Gate

Trailmark 0.4.0 expands the graph model and query surface, and 0.5.0 adds a SQL parser, repository-link configuration, and richer entrypoint metadata. Before using a feature listed as v0.4+ or v0.5+, check the installed version:

trailmark --version 2>/dev/null || uv run trailmark --version 2>/dev/null

Compare the reported version numerically (not lexically). 0.4.0 or newer means the full v0.4 surface is available. The version command itself was added in 0.2.2, so a failure means either a pre-0.2.2 install or trailmark missing entirely — distinguish with trailmark analyze --help. When working programmatically, probe with hasattr() and fall back instead of assuming a v0.4-only method exists:

if hasattr(engine, "subgraph_edges"):
    edges = engine.subgraph_edges("tainted")
else:
    # v0.2 fallback: filter engine.to_json() edges whose endpoints
    # are both in engine.subgraph("tainted")
    edges = []

v0.2-safe baseline: CLI analyze, diff, entrypoints, augment, and --language auto; QueryEngine.from_directory(), callers_of(), callees_of(), paths_between(), ancestors_of(), reachable_from(), entrypoint_paths_to(), complexity_hotspots(), attack_surface(), summary(), to_json(), preanalysis(), annotate(), annotations_of(), nodes_with_annotation(), clear_annotations(), findings(), subgraph(), subgraph_names(), diff_against(), augment_sarif(), and augment_weaudit().

Added in 0.2.2: CLI --version flag and version subcommand.

Added in 0.3.x: the trailmark.parse module with module-level detect_languages() and supported_languages(). detect_languages() itself is v0.2-safe via from trailmark.query.api import detect_languages (kept as a deprecated alias in 0.3+); supported_languages() has no 0.2.x equivalent.

v0.4+ features: native diagram subcommand; expanded parser coverage; proxy nodes for unresolved calls; node origins; binary graph augmentation via augment_binary(); connect_subgraphs(); subgraph_edges(); generic_parameters(); and type_references().

v0.5+ features: sql parser (PostgreSQL-oriented schemas, tables, views, functions, procedures, dependencies); node kinds schema, table, view, procedure; .trailmark/links.toml repository-link configuration (see Repository Links below), including proxy.external:<symbol> nodes for declared external endpoints; repository links, unresolved-call proxies, and type_uses edges now materialize for single-language directory parses (0.4 emitted them only for polyglot parses); Solidity entrypoints detected from parser metadata (interfaces excluded; solidity_visibility, solidity_mutability, solidity_override, solidity_container_kind, and solidity_overridden_by node attributes); attack_surface() entries carry an attributes key when the node has attributes; TypeScript resolves receivers assigned with new ConcreteClass(); C# file-scoped namespaces.

v0.5.0 adds no new QueryEngine methods, so hasattr(engine, ...) cannot detect it. Gate v0.5 features on the reported version, or probe structurally:

from trailmark.models.nodes import NodeKind

has_v05 = "SCHEMA" in NodeKind.__members__  # sql kinds are 0.5+

Quick Start

# Auto-detect and merge every supported language under the tree
uv run trailmark analyze --language auto --summary {targetDir}

# Explicit languages (single language or comma-separated list)
uv run trailmark analyze --language rust {targetDir}
uv run trailmark analyze --language python,rust {targetDir}

# Complexity hotspots
uv run trailmark analyze --language auto --complexity 10 {targetDir}

# Entrypoint inventory and structural diff (v0.2-safe)
uv run trailmark entrypoints --language auto {targetDir}
uv run trailmark diff --language auto --repo {repoDir} main HEAD --json

# Version report (0.2.2+)
uv run trailmark --version

# v0.4+: native diagram command
uv run trailmark diagram -t {targetDir} -T call-graph -f main --depth 2
Programmatic API
# trailmark.parse is a 0.3+ module; on 0.2.x import detect_languages from
# trailmark.query.api instead (supported_languages has no 0.2.x equivalent)
from trailmark.parse import detect_languages, supported_languages
from trailmark.query.api import QueryEngine

# Ask the installed Trailmark build what it supports
supported_languages()
detect_languages("{targetDir}")

# Prefer auto for unknown or polyglot trees; use explicit lists when needed
engine = QueryEngine.from_directory("{targetDir}", language="auto")
engine = QueryEngine.from_directory("{targetDir}", language="python,rust")

engine.callers_of("function_name")
engine.callees_of("function_name")
engine.paths_between("entry_func", "db_query")
engine.complexity_hotspots(threshold=10)
engine.attack_surface()
engine.summary()
engine.to_json()

# Transitive slices and entrypoint path queries (v0.2-safe)
engine.ancestors_of("sensitive_sink")
engine.reachable_from("entry_func")
engine.entrypoint_paths_to("sensitive_sink")

# v0.4+: connect named subgraphs
if hasattr(engine, "connect_subgraphs"):
    engine.connect_subgraphs("tainted", "privilege_boundary")

# Run pre-analysis (blast radius, entrypoints, privilege
# boundaries, taint propagation)
result = engine.preanalysis()

# Query subgraphs created by pre-analysis
engine.subgraph_names()
engine.subgraph("tainted")
engine.subgraph("high_blast_radius")
engine.subgraph("privilege_boundary")
engine.subgraph("entrypoint_reachable")
if hasattr(engine, "subgraph_edges"):
    engine.subgraph_edges("tainted")

# Add LLM-inferred annotations
from trailmark.models import AnnotationKind

engine.annotate("function_name", AnnotationKind.ASSUMPTION,
                "input is URL-encoded", source="llm")

# Query annotations (including pre-analysis results)
engine.annotations_of("function_name")
engine.annotations_of("function_name",
                       kind=AnnotationKind.BLAST_RADIUS)
engine.annotations_of("function_name",
                       kind=AnnotationKind.TAINT_PROPAGATION)
engine.nodes_with_annotation(AnnotationKind.FINDING)
engine.clear_annotations("function_name", kind=AnnotationKind.ASSUMPTION)

# v0.4+: generic/type-reference and binary augmentation APIs
if hasattr(engine, "generic_parameters"):
    engine.generic_parameters("GenericTypeOrFunction")
if hasattr(engine, "type_references"):
    engine.type_references("function_name")
if hasattr(engine, "augment_binary"):
    engine.augment_binary("binary_graph.json")

Pre-Analysis Passes

Always run engine.preanalysis() before handing off to the genotoxic skill. (diagramming-code builds its own graph and does not use it.) Pre-analysis enriches the graph with four passes:

  1. Blast radius estimation — counts downstream and upstream nodes per function, identifies critical high-complexity descendants

  2. Entry point enumeration — maps entrypoints by trust level, computes reachable node sets

  3. Privilege boundary detection — finds call edges where trust levels change (untrusted -> trusted)

  4. Taint propagation — marks all nodes reachable from untrusted entrypoints

Results are stored as annotations and named subgraphs on the graph.

For detailed documentation, see references/preanalysis-passes.md.

Language Selection

Do not hardcode a stale language table in downstream workflows. Ask the installed Trailmark build what it supports:

from trailmark.parse import detect_languages, supported_languages

supported_languages()
detect_languages("{targetDir}")

CLI patterns:

# Auto-detect and merge
uv run trailmark analyze --language auto {targetDir}

# Explicit list for a known polyglot target
uv run trailmark analyze --language python,rust {targetDir}

As of Trailmark 0.5.0, parser names include: python, javascript, typescript, php, ruby, c, cpp, c_sharp, java, go, rust, solidity, cairo, circom, haskell, erlang, masm, swift, objc, kotlin, dart, move, tact, func, sway, rego, proto, thrift, graphql, and sql (added in 0.5.0; PostgreSQL-oriented, .sql files). Treat this list as documentation, not a source of truth; call supported_languages() on the installed build before relying on a parser.

Parsers cannot see cross-language calls (FFI, RPC, IPC, contract invocation) or edges into external systems. Declare them in .trailmark/links.toml at the analysis root and Trailmark materializes the edges on every parse — this is a stable public configuration interface:

[[link]]
source = "backend:submit"
target = "contract:Verifier.verify"
kind = "calls"                 # any EdgeKind; defaults to calls
confidence = "certain"         # certain | inferred | uncertain; defaults to inferred
description = "JSON-RPC eth_call"

[[link]]
source = "backend:notify"
target = "payments-webhook"
target_external = true         # required because target is unresolved

Endpoint references may be exact node IDs or unique names/suffixes. Validation fails closed: ambiguous references, unknown internal endpoints, invalid enum values, and malformed TOML raise ValueError rather than silently weakening the graph. source_external = true / target_external = true permit an unresolved endpoint by creating a proxy.external:<symbol> node. Configured edges carry a configured_by = .trailmark/links.toml attribute so they are distinguishable from parser-derived edges.

Use this when the audit spans an FFI/RPC boundary the rationalization table warns about: declare the boundary edges first, then path and taint queries cross them like any other call edge.

Graph Model

Node kinds: function, method, class, module, struct, interface, trait, enum, namespace, contract, library, template; v0.4+ also materializes unresolved references as proxy nodes; v0.5+ adds schema, table, view, and procedure for SQL graphs.

Node origins: v0.4+ nodes may carry origin source, proxy, binary, or synthetic. v0.2 exports may omit origin.

Edge kinds: calls, inherits, implements, contains, imports; v0.4+ adds resolves_to, type_uses, specializes, and corresponds_to.

Edge confidence: certain (direct call, self.method()), inferred (attribute access on non-self object), uncertain (dynamic dispatch)

Per Code Unit
  • Parameters with types, return types, exception types

  • Cyclomatic complexity and branch metadata

  • Docstrings

  • Annotations: assumption, precondition, postcondition, invariant, blast_radius, privilege_boundary, taint_propagation, finding, audit_note (last two set by augment_sarif / augment_weaudit)

Per Edge
  • Source/target node IDs, edge kind, confidence level

Project Level
  • Dependencies (imported packages)

  • Entrypoints with trust levels and asset values

  • Named subgraphs (populated by pre-analysis)

Key Concepts

Declared contract vs. effective input domain: Trailmark separates what a function declares it accepts from what can actually reach it via call paths. Mismatches are where vulnerabilities hide:

  • Widening: Unconstrained data reaches a function that assumes validation

  • Safe by coincidence: No validation, but only safe callers exist today

Edge confidence: Dynamic dispatch produces uncertain edges. Account for confidence when making security claims.

Proxy nodes (v0.4+): Unresolved calls are preserved as nodes such as proxy.unresolved:<symbol>. Do not treat these as source code functions; use them to identify resolution gaps, dynamic dispatch, external APIs, or binary linkage candidates. v0.5+ also emits proxy.external:<symbol> nodes for endpoints declared external in .trailmark/links.toml.

Reachability is not taint: entrypoint_paths_to() and the taint subgraph answer different questions. Path queries report call-graph reachability; preanalysis taint marks nodes reachable from untrusted entrypoints as a coarse signal. Trailmark does not perform interprocedural taint analysis — do not present either as proof that attacker-controlled data reaches a sink.

Binary augmentation (v0.4+): engine.augment_binary() imports an external binary-analysis graph JSON file. Trailmark connects it to source nodes when possible; it does not disassemble binaries itself.

Subgraphs: Named collections of node IDs produced by pre-analysis. Query with engine.subgraph("name"). Available after engine.preanalysis().

Query Patterns

See references/query-patterns.md for common security analysis patterns.

See references/preanalysis-passes.md for pre-analysis pass documentation.

Use trailmark-finding-triage when the user has one concrete candidate finding, SARIF result, weAudit annotation, suspicious function, or report excerpt and needs a handoff-ready reachability and blast-radius evidence packet.

Use trailmark-variant-neighborhood after one seed issue is known and the user needs graph-derived variant candidates for variant-analysis, Semgrep, CodeQL, or manual review.

Files

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Where the Licensed Rights include Sui Generis Database Rights that
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  b. if You include all or a substantial portion of the database
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     Rights, then the database in which You have Sui Generis Database
     Rights (but not its individual contents) is Adapted Material,

     including for purposes of Section 3(b); and
  c. You must comply with the conditions in Section 3(a) if You Share
     all or a substantial portion of the contents of the database.

For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 4 supplements and does not
replace Your obligations under this Public License where the Licensed
Rights include other Copyright and Similar Rights.


Section 5 -- Disclaimer of Warranties and Limitation of Liability.

  a. UNLESS OTHERWISE SEPARATELY UNDERTAKEN BY THE LICENSOR, TO THE
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  c. The disclaimer of warranties and limitation of liability provided
     above shall be interpreted in a manner that, to the extent
     possible, most closely approximates an absolute disclaimer and
     waiver of all liability.


Section 6 -- Term and Termination.

  a. This Public License applies for the term of the Copyright and
     Similar Rights licensed here. However, if You fail to comply with
     this Public License, then Your rights under this Public License
     terminate automatically.

  b. Where Your right to use the Licensed Material has terminated under
     Section 6(a), it reinstates:

       1. automatically as of the date the violation is cured, provided
          it is cured within 30 days of Your discovery of the
          violation; or

       2. upon express reinstatement by the Licensor.

     For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 6(b) does not affect any
     right the Licensor may have to seek remedies for Your violations
     of this Public License.

  c. For the avoidance of doubt, the Licensor may also offer the
     Licensed Material under separate terms or conditions or stop
     distributing the Licensed Material at any time; however, doing so
     will not terminate this Public License.

  d. Sections 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 survive termination of this Public
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Section 7 -- Other Terms and Conditions.

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  b. Any arrangements, understandings, or agreements regarding the
     Licensed Material not stated herein are separate from and
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Section 8 -- Interpretation.

  a. For the avoidance of doubt, this Public License does not, and
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  b. To the extent possible, if any provision of this Public License is
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     without affecting the enforceability of the remaining terms and
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  c. No term or condition of this Public License will be waived and no
     failure to comply consented to unless expressly agreed to by the
     Licensor.

  d. Nothing in this Public License constitutes or may be interpreted
     as a limitation upon, or waiver of, any privileges and immunities
     that apply to the Licensor or You, including from the legal
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=======================================================================

Creative Commons is not a party to its public
licenses. Notwithstanding, Creative Commons may elect to apply one of
its public licenses to material it publishes and in those instances
will be considered the “Licensor.” The text of the Creative Commons
public licenses is dedicated to the public domain under the CC0 Public
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Creative Commons may be contacted at creativecommons.org.

Requirements and compatibility

Works with: Claude Code, Claude apps, OpenAI Codex, GitHub Copilot, Cursor, Gemini CLI, Kiro, OpenCode, Goose, Amp, Roo Code, JetBrains Junie, Factory Droid, Devin (ex-Windsurf), Mistral Vibe, OpenHands, Letta

“Works with” means the tool reads the open Agent Skills format; a skill written for one tool may use features others lack.

Needs: Needs Python, Needs Node.js

Security

No issues found by our static scan· No issues found

A static scan is not a guarantee. Skills are third-party content: review a skill before you let an agent use it.

Attribution and licence

Published by
Trail of Bits
Publisher
Trail of Bits (Official)
Source
trailofbits/skills · plugins/trailmark/skills/trailmark · commit e4dd0bb
Licence
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (redistribution allowed)
  • LICENSE (added by AutoGineer from LICENSE)
  • ATTRIBUTION.md (written by AutoGineer)
Synced

AutoGineer is not affiliated with or endorsed by Trail of Bits or Trail of Bits.

Download ZIP

The ZIP holds the skill’s files, its licence files and an ATTRIBUTION.md. Download trailmark.zip