Golang Samber Ro
Samuel BertheCommunityCreated by samberDistributed by Samuel Berthe
- Skill
- Tool integration
- Software development
- MIT
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AutoGineer summary
Written by AutoGineer from the skill’s own files, not by the author
samber/ro is a Go implementation of ReactiveX that provides a type-safe, declarative approach to managing asynchronous data streams. It replaces complex, manual goroutine and channel wiring with a composable pipeline architecture. The library features over 150 operators, support for both cold and hot observables, automatic backpressure, and built-in error propagation. It is designed for scenarios involving infinite event streams, real-time data processing, and complex async coordination, offering a robust alternative to standard library concurrency primitives when declarative stream management is required.
What it does
- Provides 150+ type-safe operators for transforming, filtering, and combining data streams.
- Supports cold and hot observables for flexible event distribution and resource management.
- Includes 40+ plugins for common tasks like HTTP, cron, logging, and file system monitoring.
- Implements automatic backpressure and error propagation across pipeline stages.
- Integrates natively with Go context for cancellation and timeout management.
- Offers five subject types for advanced multicast and state-sharing patterns.
When to use it
- When building infinite event-driven pipelines (e.g., WebSockets, tickers, file watchers).
- When real-time data enrichment requires combining multiple asynchronous sources.
- When you need declarative retry, timeout, or fallback logic for remote service calls.
- When managing pub/sub patterns where multiple consumers share a single data source.
- When standard goroutine/channel patterns become too verbose or difficult to maintain.
Advantages
- Reduces boilerplate code compared to manual channel and goroutine management.
- Enhances code readability through declarative, chainable pipeline operators.
- Improves reliability with built-in error handling and context-aware cancellation.
- Provides compile-time type safety via typed Pipe functions.
- Simplifies complex async coordination like stream merging, zipping, and throttling.
Usage examples
- “Create a reactive pipeline that filters even numbers from an interval stream and maps them to strings.”
- The agent generates a Pipe2 chain using ro.RangeWithInterval, ro.Filter, and ro.Map, followed by a Subscribe call to handle the output.
- “How do I implement a remote API call with retries and a timeout using samber/ro?”
- The agent provides a pipeline using ro.Timeout and ro.RetryWithConfig to wrap the API call, ensuring robust execution.
- “Show me how to share a single WebSocket stream between two different consumers.”
- The agent demonstrates using ro.Share to convert a cold observable into a hot one, allowing multiple subscribers to receive the same events.
Install
Download the skill as a ZIP:
https://autogineer.com/agent-skills/samber/golang-samber-ro/downloadUnzip it into the cross-client skills folder of your project:
mkdir -p .agents/skills && unzip golang-samber-ro.zip -d .agents/skills
Documentation by samber
Persona: You are a Go engineer who reaches for reactive streams when data flows asynchronously or infinitely. You use samber/ro to build declarative pipelines instead of manual goroutine/channel wiring, but you know when a simple slice + samber/lo is enough.
Thinking mode: Reason as thoroughly as possible when designing advanced reactive pipelines or choosing between cold/hot observables, subjects, and combining operators — wrong architecture leads to resource leaks or missed events. On Claude Code, use ultrathink to trigger extended thinking explicitly.
samber/ro — Reactive Streams for Go
Go implementation of ReactiveX. Generics-first, type-safe, composable pipelines for asynchronous data streams with automatic backpressure, error propagation, context integration, and resource cleanup. 150+ operators, 5 subject types, 40+ plugins.
Official Resources:
This skill is not exhaustive — refer to library documentation and code examples for more information:
For Go package docs, symbols, versions, importers, and known vulnerabilities, → See
samber/cc-skills-golang@golang-pkg-go-devskill (godig), preferred over Context7 for Go package facts.To navigate this library's usage in your own code (definitions, call sites, diagnostics), → See
samber/cc-skills-golang@golang-goplsskill (gopls).Context7 remains a fallback for docs not indexed on pkg.go.dev.
Why samber/ro (Streams vs Slices)
Go channels + goroutines become unwieldy for complex async pipelines: manual channel closures, verbose goroutine lifecycle, error propagation across nested selects, and no composable operators. samber/ro solves this with declarative, chainable stream operators.
When to use which tool:
| Scenario | Tool | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Transform a slice (map, filter, reduce) | samber/lo | Finite, synchronous, eager — no stream overhead needed |
| Simple goroutine fan-out with error handling | errgroup | Standard lib, lightweight, sufficient for bounded concurrency |
| Infinite event stream (WebSocket, tickers, file watcher) | samber/ro | Declarative pipeline with backpressure, retry, timeout, combine |
| Real-time data enrichment from multiple async sources | samber/ro | CombineLatest/Zip compose dependent streams without manual select |
| Pub/sub with multiple consumers sharing one source | samber/ro | Hot observables (Share/Subjects) handle multicast natively |
Key differences: lo vs ro
| Aspect | samber/lo | samber/ro |
|---|---|---|
| Data | Finite slices | Infinite streams |
| Execution | Synchronous, blocking | Asynchronous, non-blocking |
| Evaluation | Eager (allocates intermediate slices) | Lazy (processes items as they arrive) |
| Timing | Immediate | Time-aware (delay, throttle, interval, timeout) |
| Error model | Return (T, error) per call | Error channel propagates through pipeline |
| Use case | Collection transforms | Event-driven, real-time, async pipelines |
Installation
go get github.com/samber/roCore Concepts
Four building blocks:
Observable — a data source that emits values over time. Cold by default: each subscriber triggers independent execution from scratch
Observer — a consumer with three callbacks:
onNext(T),onError(error),onComplete()Operator — a function that transforms an observable into another observable, chained via
PipeSubscription — the connection between observable and observer. Call
.Wait()to block or.Unsubscribe()to cancel
observable := ro.Pipe2(
ro.RangeWithInterval(0, 5, 1*time.Second),
ro.Filter(func(x int) bool { return x%2 == 0 }),
ro.Map(func(x int) string { return fmt.Sprintf("even-%d", x) }),
)
observable.Subscribe(ro.NewObserver(
func(s string) { fmt.Println(s) }, // onNext
func(err error) { log.Println(err) }, // onError
func() { fmt.Println("Done!") }, // onComplete
))
// Output: "even-0", "even-2", "even-4", "Done!"
// Or collect synchronously:
values, err := ro.Collect(observable)Cold vs Hot Observables
Cold (default): each .Subscribe() starts a new independent execution. Safe and predictable — use by default.
Hot: multiple subscribers share a single execution. Use when the source is expensive (WebSocket, DB poll) or subscribers must see the same events.
| Convert with | Behavior |
|---|---|
Share() | Cold → hot with reference counting. Last unsubscribe tears down |
ShareReplay(n) | Same as Share + buffers last N values for late subscribers |
Connectable() | Cold → hot, but waits for explicit .Connect() call |
| Subjects | Natively hot — call .Send(), .Error(), .Complete() directly |
| Subject | Constructor | Replay behavior |
|---|---|---|
PublishSubject | NewPublishSubject[T]() | None — late subscribers miss past events |
BehaviorSubject | NewBehaviorSubject[T](initial) | Replays last value to new subscribers |
ReplaySubject | NewReplaySubject[T](bufferSize) | Replays last N values |
AsyncSubject | NewAsyncSubject[T]() | Emits only last value, only on complete |
UnicastSubject | NewUnicastSubject[T](bufferSize) | Single subscriber only |
For subject details and hot observable patterns, see Subjects Guide.
Operator Quick Reference
| Category | Key operators | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Creation | Just, FromSlice, FromChannel, Range, Interval, Defer, Future | Create observables from various sources |
| Transform | Map, MapErr, FlatMap, Scan, Reduce, GroupBy | Transform or accumulate stream values |
| Filter | Filter, Take, TakeLast, Skip, Distinct, Find, First, Last | Selectively emit values |
| Combine | Merge, Concat, Zip2–Zip6, CombineLatest2–CombineLatest5, Race | Merge multiple observables |
| Error | Catch, OnErrorReturn, OnErrorResumeNextWith, Retry, RetryWithConfig | Recover from errors |
| Timing | Delay, DelayEach, Timeout, ThrottleTime, SampleTime, BufferWithTime | Control emission timing |
| Side effect | Tap/Do, TapOnNext, TapOnError, TapOnComplete | Observe without altering stream |
| Terminal | Collect, ToSlice, ToChannel, ToMap | Consume stream into Go types |
Use typed Pipe2, Pipe3 ... Pipe25 for compile-time type safety across operator chains. The untyped Pipe uses any and loses type checking.
For the complete operator catalog (150+ operators with signatures), see Operators Guide.
Common Mistakes
| Mistake | Why it fails | Fix |
|---|---|---|
Using ro.OnNext() without error handler | Errors are silently dropped — bugs hide in production | Use ro.NewObserver(onNext, onError, onComplete) with all 3 callbacks |
Using untyped Pipe() instead of Pipe2/Pipe3 | Loses compile-time type safety, errors surface at runtime | Use Pipe2, Pipe3...Pipe25 for typed operator chains |
Forgetting .Unsubscribe() on infinite streams | Goroutine leak — the observable runs forever | Use TakeUntil(signal), context cancellation, or explicit Unsubscribe() |
Using Share() when cold is sufficient | Unnecessary complexity, harder to reason about lifecycle | Use hot observables only when multiple consumers need the same stream |
Using samber/ro for finite slice transforms | Stream overhead (goroutines, subscriptions) for a synchronous operation | Use samber/lo — it's simpler, faster, and purpose-built for slices |
| Not propagating context for cancellation | Streams ignore shutdown signals, causing resource leaks on termination | Chain ContextWithTimeout or ThrowOnContextCancel in the pipeline |
Best Practices
Always handle all three events — use
NewObserver(onNext, onError, onComplete), not justOnNext. Unhandled errors cause silent data lossUse
Collect()for synchronous consumption — when the stream is finite and you need[]T,Collectblocks until complete and returns the slice + errorPrefer typed Pipe functions —
Pipe2,Pipe3...Pipe25catch type mismatches at compile time. Reserve untypedPipefor dynamic operator chainsBound infinite streams — use
Take(n),TakeUntil(signal),Timeout(d), or context cancellation. Unbounded streams leak goroutinesUse
Tap/Dofor observability — log, trace, or meter emissions without altering the stream. ChainTapOnErrorfor error monitoringPrefer
samber/lofor simple transforms — if the data is a finite slice and you need Map/Filter/Reduce, uselo. Reach forrowhen data arrives over time, from multiple sources, or needs retry/timeout/backpressure
Plugin Ecosystem
40+ plugins extend ro with domain-specific operators:
| Category | Plugins | Import path prefix |
|---|---|---|
| Encoding | JSON, CSV, Base64, Gob | plugins/encoding/... |
| Network | HTTP, I/O, FSNotify | plugins/http, plugins/io, plugins/fsnotify |
| Scheduling | Cron, ICS | plugins/cron, plugins/ics |
| Observability | Zap, Slog, Zerolog, Logrus, Sentry, Oops | plugins/observability/..., plugins/samber/oops |
| Rate limiting | Native, Ulule | plugins/ratelimit/... |
| Data | Bytes, Strings, Sort, Strconv, Regexp, Template | plugins/bytes, plugins/strings, etc. |
| System | Process, Signal | plugins/proc, plugins/signal |
For the full plugin catalog with import paths and usage examples, see Plugin Ecosystem.
For real-world reactive patterns (retry+timeout, WebSocket fan-out, graceful shutdown, stream combination), see Patterns.
If you encounter a bug or unexpected behavior in samber/ro, open an issue at github.com/samber/ro/issues.
Cross-References
→ See
samber/cc-skills-golang@golang-samber-loskill for finite slice transforms (Map, Filter, Reduce, GroupBy) — use lo when data is already in a slice→ See
samber/cc-skills-golang@golang-samber-moskill for monadic types (Option, Result, Either) that compose with ro pipelines→ See
samber/cc-skills-golang@golang-samber-hotskill for in-memory caching (also available as an ro plugin)→ See
samber/cc-skills-golang@golang-concurrencyskill for goroutine/channel patterns when reactive streams are overkill→ See
samber/cc-skills-golang@golang-observabilityskill for monitoring reactive pipelines in production
Files
- ATTRIBUTION.mdAdded by AutoGineer905 B
- LICENSELicence file added by AutoGineer1.0 KiB
- SKILL.md11.8 KiB
- evals/evals.json17.3 KiB
- references/operators-guide.md14.6 KiB
- references/patterns.md8.0 KiB
- references/plugin-ecosystem.md6.3 KiB
- references/subjects-guide.md6.3 KiB
references/subjects-guide.md
Subjects Guide
Subjects are both Observable and Observer — they can receive values (via Send, Error, Complete) and be subscribed to. Subjects are natively hot: subscribers share a single execution, and late subscribers only see future emissions (unless replay is configured).
Table of Contents
When to Use Subjects vs Cold Observables
Subject Types
PublishSubject
BehaviorSubject
ReplaySubject
AsyncSubject
UnicastSubject
Cold to Hot Conversion
Share
ShareReplay
Connectable Observable
Subject Decision Table
Common Subject Mistakes
When to Use Subjects vs Cold Observables
| Use case | Approach |
|---|---|
| Data pipeline from a known source (slice, channel, HTTP) | Cold observable (default) |
| Event bus where producers and consumers are decoupled | Subject |
| Multiple consumers need the same WebSocket/ticker stream | Cold observable + Share() or ShareReplay() |
| Imperatively push values from non-reactive code | Subject |
| Bridge between callback API and reactive pipeline | Subject (receive callbacks, emit to pipeline) |
Subject Types
PublishSubject
Standard multicast. Subscribers only see values emitted after they subscribe.
subject := ro.NewPublishSubject[string]()
// Subscriber 1
subject.Subscribe(ro.OnNext(func(s string) {
fmt.Println("sub1:", s)
}))
subject.Send("hello") // sub1 sees this
// Subscriber 2 (late)
subject.Subscribe(ro.OnNext(func(s string) {
fmt.Println("sub2:", s)
}))
subject.Send("world") // both see this
subject.Complete()Use when: broadcasting events where late subscribers don't need history — UI events, log streams, notifications.
BehaviorSubject
Replays the last emitted value (or the initial value) to every new subscriber immediately on subscription.
subject := ro.NewBehaviorSubject[int](0) // initial value = 0
// Subscriber 1 immediately receives 0
subject.Subscribe(ro.OnNext(func(v int) {
fmt.Println("sub1:", v) // 0, then 42
}))
subject.Send(42)
// Subscriber 2 immediately receives 42 (latest value)
subject.Subscribe(ro.OnNext(func(v int) {
fmt.Println("sub2:", v) // 42
}))Use when: subscribers need the current state — config values, connection status, latest price.
ReplaySubject
Buffers the last N values and replays them to every new subscriber.
subject := ro.NewReplaySubject[string](3) // buffer size = 3
subject.Send("a")
subject.Send("b")
subject.Send("c")
subject.Send("d") // "a" evicted from buffer
// Late subscriber receives "b", "c", "d" (last 3)
subject.Subscribe(ro.OnNext(func(s string) {
fmt.Println(s)
}))Use when: late subscribers need recent history — chat messages, recent logs, last N stock ticks.
AsyncSubject
Emits only the last value and only when the subject completes. If the subject errors, no value is emitted.
subject := ro.NewAsyncSubject[int]()
subject.Subscribe(ro.NewObserver(
func(v int) { fmt.Println(v) }, // receives 3 only
func(err error) { },
func() { fmt.Println("done") },
))
subject.Send(1)
subject.Send(2)
subject.Send(3)
subject.Complete() // triggers emission of 3, then "done"Use when: only the final result matters — computation result, last response in a batch.
UnicastSubject
Allows exactly one subscriber. Buffers values internally until that subscriber connects.
subject := ro.NewUnicastSubject[int](100) // buffer size
subject.Send(1) // buffered
subject.Send(2) // buffered
// Single subscriber receives buffered + future values
subject.Subscribe(ro.OnNext(func(v int) {
fmt.Println(v) // 1, 2, then future values
}))
// Second subscribe would panic or errorUse when: single consumer with buffering — job queues, request pipelines where exactly one handler processes events.
Cold to Hot Conversion
When you have a cold observable (e.g. an HTTP request) but need multiple subscribers to share it:
Share
// Each subscriber to `cold` would trigger a separate HTTP request
cold := httpPlugin.Get[Data](url)
// Share: single execution, multiple subscribers
hot := ro.Pipe1(cold, ro.Share[Data]())
hot.Subscribe(uiObserver) // shares one HTTP call
hot.Subscribe(metricsObserver) // same data, no extra requestShare uses reference counting: the source subscribes when the first subscriber arrives and unsubscribes when the last one leaves.
ShareReplay
// Late subscribers get the last N values + future values
hot := ro.Pipe1(cold, ro.ShareReplay[Data](1))Connectable Observable
For precise control over when the shared subscription starts:
connectable := ro.Connectable[Data](cold)
// Set up subscribers first
connectable.Subscribe(observer1)
connectable.Subscribe(observer2)
// Start the shared execution explicitly
sub, err := connectable.Connect(ctx)Subject Decision Table
| Subject | Replay | Subscribers | Use case |
|---|---|---|---|
PublishSubject | None | Many | Event bus, notifications |
BehaviorSubject | Last 1 (+ initial) | Many | Current state, config |
ReplaySubject | Last N | Many | Recent history, chat |
AsyncSubject | Last 1 (on complete) | Many | Final computation result |
UnicastSubject | Buffered (pre-subscribe) | Exactly 1 | Single-consumer queue |
Common Subject Mistakes
| Mistake | Why | Fix |
|---|---|---|
Calling Send() after Complete() | Values are silently dropped — the subject is terminal | Track lifecycle, don't reuse completed subjects |
| Using PublishSubject when late subscribers need history | Late subscribers miss all prior events | Use BehaviorSubject (last 1) or ReplaySubject (last N) |
| Using ReplaySubject with unbounded buffer | Memory grows without limit | Set an explicit bufferSize |
| Multiple subscribers on UnicastSubject | Panics or undefined behavior | Use PublishSubject for multicast, UnicastSubject for single consumer |
Not calling Complete() on subjects | Subscribers wait forever, goroutine leak | Always Complete() or Error() when the source is done |
Requirements and compatibility
Written for: Claude Code, OpenAI Codex
Works with: Claude Code, Claude apps, OpenAI Codex, GitHub Copilot, Cursor, Gemini CLI, Kiro, OpenCode, Goose, Amp, Roo Code, JetBrains Junie, Factory Droid, Devin (ex-Windsurf), Mistral Vibe, OpenHands, Letta
“Works with” means the tool reads the open Agent Skills format; a skill written for one tool may use features others lack.
Needs: Declares allowed tools, Claude Code frontmatter
The author says: Designed for Claude Code, Codex or similar harness, and for projects using Golang.
Security
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Attribution and licence
- Created by
- samber
- Publisher
- Samuel Berthe (Community)
- Distributed by
- Samuel Berthe
- Source
- samber/cc-skills-golang · skills/golang-samber-ro · commit bb1d43d
- Licence
- MIT License (redistribution allowed)
- LICENSE (added by AutoGineer from LICENSE)
- ATTRIBUTION.md (written by AutoGineer)
- Synced
AutoGineer is not affiliated with or endorsed by samber or Samuel Berthe.
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