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Golang Samber Do

Samuel BertheCommunityCreated by samberDistributed by Samuel Berthe

  • Skill
  • Tool integration
  • Software development
  • MIT
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From the author

Dependency injection in Golang using samber/do — service containers, lifecycle management, scopes, health checks, graceful shutdown, and module organization. Apply when using or adopting samber/do, when the codebase imports github.com/samber/do or github.com/samber/do/v2, or when refactoring manual constructor injection into a DI container.
— the description by samber

AutoGineer summary

Written by AutoGineer from the skill’s own files, not by the author

This skill provides guidance on using samber/do, a generics-based dependency injection toolkit for Go 1.18+. It covers service registration, lifecycle management, scoping, and integration patterns to help developers move away from manual constructor injection. The skill emphasizes maintaining a clean composition root, using interfaces for decoupling, and leveraging the library's built-in support for health checks and graceful shutdowns.

What it does

  • Registers services using lazy, eager, transient, or value-based providers.
  • Organizes service registration into modular packages.
  • Manages service lifecycles with health checks and graceful shutdown hooks.
  • Supports hierarchical dependency scoping for better isolation.
  • Provides utilities for struct-based injection using tags.
  • Facilitates testing through container cloning and service overrides.

When to use it

  • When adopting the samber/do library for dependency injection in a Go project.
  • When refactoring manual constructor injection to reduce boilerplate.
  • When you need to manage complex service lifecycles and dependencies in a type-safe manner.
  • When organizing large Go applications into distinct, testable modules.

Advantages

  • Type-safe dependency resolution using Go generics.
  • Reduces manual wiring boilerplate in complex applications.
  • Built-in support for graceful shutdowns and health monitoring.
  • Easy to test via container cloning and mock overrides.
  • Supports modular architecture through package-level registration.

Usage examples

“How do I register a database service in samber/do?”
You use do.Provide to register a provider function that returns the service, which will be lazily instantiated when first requested.
“How can I mock a dependency for testing with samber/do?”
You can clone the existing injector using injector.Clone() and then use do.OverrideValue to replace the production service with your mock.
“What is the best way to handle service dependencies inside a provider?”
Use do.MustInvoke[T](i) inside your provider function; the library will automatically recover any panics and convert them into errors at the composition root.
“How do I organize my services into modules?”
Use do.Package() to group related service registrations and pass these packages to the do.New() constructor in your main function.

Install

  1. Download the skill as a ZIP:

    https://autogineer.com/agent-skills/samber/golang-samber-do/download
  2. Unzip it into the cross-client skills folder of your project:

    mkdir -p .agents/skills && unzip golang-samber-do.zip -d .agents/skills

Documentation by samber

Persona: You are a Go architect setting up dependency injection. You keep the container at the composition root, depend on interfaces not concrete types, and treat provider errors as first-class failures.

Using samber/do for Dependency Injection in Go

Type-safe dependency injection toolkit for Go based on Go 1.18+ generics.

Official Resources:

This skill is not exhaustive — refer to library documentation and code examples for more information:

  • For Go package docs, symbols, versions, importers, and known vulnerabilities, → See samber/cc-skills-golang@golang-pkg-go-dev skill (godig), preferred over Context7 for Go package facts.

  • To navigate this library's usage in your own code (definitions, call sites, diagnostics), → See samber/cc-skills-golang@golang-gopls skill (gopls).

  • Context7 remains a fallback for docs not indexed on pkg.go.dev.

Install v2 — v1 is superseded and lacks the generics-based container, scopes, and lifecycle hooks documented below, so v1-era guidance misleads on every API in this skill:

go get -u github.com/samber/do/v2

Core Concepts

The Injector (Container)
import "github.com/samber/do/v2"

injector := do.New()
Service Types
  • Lazy (default): Created when first requested

  • Eager: Created immediately when the container starts

  • Transient: New instance created on every request

  • Value: Pre-created value, no instantiation

Provider Functions

Services MUST be registered via provider functions:

type Provider[T any] func(i Injector) (T, error)

Basic Usage

1. Define and Register Services

Follow "Accept Interfaces, Return Structs":

// Register a service (lazy by default)
do.Provide(injector, func(i do.Injector) (Database, error) {
    return &PostgreSQLDatabase{connString: "postgres://..."}, nil
})

// Register a pre-created value
do.ProvideValue(injector, &Config{Port: 8080})

// Register a transient service (new instance each time)
do.ProvideTransient(injector, func(i do.Injector) (*Logger, error) {
    return &Logger{}, nil
})

// Register an eager service (created immediately at startup)
do.ProvideValue(injector, &Config{Port: 8080})
2. Invoke Services

The container MUST only be accessed at the composition root:

// Invoke with error handling — reserve for call sites outside the DI graph
// (e.g. an HTTP handler that must degrade gracefully instead of crashing)
db, err := do.Invoke[Database](injector)

// MustInvoke panics on error — preferred in providers, recovered by do.Invoke on the parent call
db := do.MustInvoke[Database](injector)

Inside a provider function, always use do.MustInvoke (or MustInvokeAs/MustInvokeNamed/MustInvokeStruct) rather than the error-returning variant:

  • A provider already returns (T, error), so propagating a dependency failure with do.Invoke costs an extra if err != nil { return nil, err } on every call.

  • do.MustInvoke panics instead, but samber/do correctly catches and recovers that panic at the enclosing Invoke call and converts it back into a regular error — this recover happens inside the library itself, not in caller code, so MustInvoke is safe to use inside providers.

  • The failure still surfaces as an error at the composition root, just without the manual boilerplate in every provider.

3. Service Dependencies
func NewUserService(i do.Injector) (UserService, error) {
    db := do.MustInvoke[Database](i)
    cache := do.MustInvoke[Cache](i)
    return &userService{db: db, cache: cache}, nil
}

do.Provide(injector, NewUserService)
4. Implicit Aliasing (Preferred)

Register a concrete type and invoke as an interface without explicit aliasing:

// Register concrete type
do.Provide(injector, func(i do.Injector) (*PostgreSQLDatabase, error) {
    return &PostgreSQLDatabase{}, nil
})

// Invoke directly as interface (implicit aliasing)
db := do.MustInvokeAs[Database](injector)
5. Named Services

Register multiple services of the same type:

do.ProvideNamed(injector, "primary-db", func(i do.Injector) (*Database, error) {
    return &Database{URL: "postgres://primary..."}, nil
})

mainDB := do.MustInvokeNamed[*Database](injector, "primary-db")

Package Organization

Use do.Package() to organize service registration by module:

// infrastructure/package.go
var Package = do.Package(
    do.Lazy(func(i do.Injector) (*postgres.DB, error) {
        cfg := do.MustInvoke[*Config](i)
        return postgres.Connect(cfg.DatabaseURL)
    }),
    do.Lazy(func(i do.Injector) (*redis.Client, error) {
        cfg := do.MustInvoke[*Config](i)
        return redis.NewClient(cfg.RedisURL), nil
    }),
)

// main.go
injector := do.New(infrastructure.Package, service.Package)

Full Application Setup

func main() {
    injector := do.New(
        infrastructure.Package,
        repository.Package,
        service.Package,
        transport.Package,
    )

    server := do.MustInvoke[*http.Server](injector)
    go server.ListenAndServe()

    _ = injector.ShutdownOnSignalsWithContext(context.Background(), os.Interrupt)
}

Best Practices

  1. Depend on interfaces, not concrete types — lets you swap implementations in tests without touching production code

  2. Each service should have one job — services with multiple responsibilities are harder to test and harder to replace

  3. Keep dependency trees shallow — chains beyond 3-4 levels make initialization order fragile and errors harder to trace

  4. Handle errors in provider functions — a silently failing provider creates a broken service that crashes later in unexpected places

  5. Use scopes to organize services by lifecycle — request-scoped services prevent leaks, global services prevent redundant initialization

  6. Use do.MustInvoke* inside provider functions instead of do.Invoke* — samber/do correctly catches and recovers the panic at the outer Invoke call, turning it back into a returned error, so it's safe to use inside providers and you get the same error propagation without the boilerplate

For scopes, lifecycle management, struct injection, and debugging, see Advanced Usage.

For testing patterns (cloning, overrides, mocks), see Testing.

Quick Reference

Registration
FunctionPurpose
do.Provide[T]()Register lazy service (default)
do.ProvideNamed[T]()Register named lazy service
do.ProvideValue[T]()Register pre-created value
do.ProvideNamedValue[T]()Register named value
do.ProvideTransient[T]()Register new instance each time
do.ProvideNamedTransient[T]()Register named transient service
do.Package()Group service registrations
Invocation
FunctionPurpose
do.Invoke[T]()Get service (with error)
do.InvokeNamed[T]()Get named service
do.InvokeAs[T]()Get first service matching interface
do.InvokeStruct[T]()Inject into struct fields using tags
do.MustInvoke[T]()Get service (panic on error)
do.MustInvokeNamed[T]()Get named service (panic on error)
do.MustInvokeAs[T]()Get service by interface (panic on error)
do.MustInvokeStruct[T]()Inject into struct (panic on error)

Cross-References

  • → See samber/cc-skills-golang@golang-dependency-injection skill for DI concepts, comparison, and when to adopt a DI library

  • → See samber/cc-skills-golang@golang-structs-interfaces skill for interface design patterns

  • → See samber/cc-skills-golang@golang-testing skill for general testing patterns

Files

evals/evals.json

[
  {
    "id": 1,
    "name": "v2-import-not-v1",
    "description": "Tests whether the model uses samber/do/v2, never v1",
    "prompt": "I want to set up dependency injection in my Go project using samber/do. Show me how to install it and create a basic container.",
    "trap": "Without the skill, the model might import github.com/samber/do (v1) instead of github.com/samber/do/v2",
    "assertions": [
      {"id": "1.1", "text": "Uses go get github.com/samber/do/v2 (not github.com/samber/do without v2)"},
      {"id": "1.2", "text": "Import path is github.com/samber/do/v2 in the code"},
      {"id": "1.3", "text": "Uses do.New() to create the container"},
      {"id": "1.4", "text": "Does NOT reference v1 API or import paths anywhere"}
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": 2,
    "name": "lazy-vs-eager-vs-transient",
    "description": "Tests whether the model correctly chooses between lazy, eager, and transient service types",
    "prompt": "I have three services in my Go app: (1) a database connection that must be ready before serving requests, (2) a user repository that's only needed when user endpoints are called, and (3) a request logger that should be a fresh instance per request. Register them with samber/do.",
    "trap": "Without the skill, the model registers all three with do.Provide (lazy), missing do.Eager for the database and do.ProvideTransient for the logger",
    "assertions": [
      {"id": "2.1", "text": "Uses do.Provide with do.Eager wrapper (or equivalent) for the database connection that must be ready immediately"},
      {"id": "2.2", "text": "Uses do.Provide (lazy, the default) for the user repository that's only needed on demand"},
      {"id": "2.3", "text": "Uses do.ProvideTransient for the request logger that needs a fresh instance each time"},
      {"id": "2.4", "text": "Correctly distinguishes between the three service lifecycle types"},
      {"id": "2.5", "text": "Does NOT register all three services with the same registration function"}
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": 3,
    "name": "implicit-aliasing-invokeAs",
    "description": "Tests whether the model uses InvokeAs for implicit aliasing instead of explicit aliasing",
    "prompt": "I have a PostgreSQLDatabase struct that implements a Database interface. I want to register the concrete type but invoke it as the interface in my Go service. How do I set this up with samber/do?",
    "trap": "Without the skill, the model uses do.As or do.MustAs for explicit aliasing, which is only needed for legacy code. Implicit aliasing via InvokeAs is preferred.",
    "assertions": [
      {"id": "3.1", "text": "Registers the concrete type *PostgreSQLDatabase with do.Provide"},
      {"id": "3.2", "text": "Uses do.MustInvokeAs[Database] or do.InvokeAs[Database] to invoke as the interface"},
      {"id": "3.3", "text": "Prefers implicit aliasing (InvokeAs) over explicit aliasing (As/MustAs)"},
      {"id": "3.4", "text": "Does NOT require a separate alias registration step for this basic case"},
      {"id": "3.5", "text": "The provider function returns the concrete type, not the interface"}
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": 4,
    "name": "package-organization",
    "description": "Tests whether the model organizes service registrations using do.Package",
    "prompt": "My Go project has infrastructure services (database, cache), domain services (user service, order service), and transport services (HTTP handlers). How should I organize the DI registrations with samber/do?",
    "trap": "Without the skill, the model registers everything in main.go in a long list, missing do.Package for modular organization",
    "assertions": [
      {"id": "4.1", "text": "Uses do.Package to group related service registrations into separate packages/modules"},
      {"id": "4.2", "text": "Creates separate package variables (e.g., infrastructure.Package, service.Package, transport.Package)"},
      {"id": "4.3", "text": "Passes all packages to do.New() in main.go: do.New(infrastructure.Package, service.Package, transport.Package)"},
      {"id": "4.4", "text": "Each package groups related services (infra, domain, transport) rather than one giant registration list"},
      {"id": "4.5", "text": "Uses do.Lazy wrapper inside do.Package for lazy service registration"}
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": 5,
    "name": "scopes-for-lifecycle",
    "description": "Tests whether the model uses scopes to organize services by lifecycle and visibility",
    "prompt": "In my Go web app using samber/do, I have global services (config, logger) and per-request services (request context, current user). How do I prevent per-request services from being shared across requests?",
    "trap": "Without the skill, the model registers everything in the root container, leading to shared per-request state across concurrent requests",
    "assertions": [
      {"id": "5.1", "text": "Uses do.Scope to create child scopes for per-request services"},
      {"id": "5.2", "text": "Registers global/stateless services (config, logger) in the root container"},
      {"id": "5.3", "text": "Creates a new scope per request for request-scoped services"},
      {"id": "5.4", "text": "Child scope services can access parent (root) services"},
      {"id": "5.5", "text": "Does NOT register request-scoped services in the root container"}
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": 6,
    "name": "testing-clone-override",
    "description": "Tests whether the model uses container cloning and overrides for testing",
    "prompt": "I have a Go service registered in samber/do that depends on a Database interface. I want to test the service with a mock database. How do I set up the test?",
    "trap": "Without the skill, the model creates a brand new container from scratch in tests, missing the Clone+Override pattern that reuses the production container configuration",
    "assertions": [
      {"id": "6.1", "text": "Uses injector.Clone() or do.Clone() to clone the production container"},
      {"id": "6.2", "text": "Uses do.Override or do.OverrideValue to replace the Database with a mock"},
      {"id": "6.3", "text": "Invokes the service under test from the cloned container"},
      {"id": "6.4", "text": "Does NOT build a completely new container from scratch for each test (unless justified)"},
      {"id": "6.5", "text": "The test is isolated — changes to the cloned container don't affect the original"}
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": 7,
    "name": "health-check-interface",
    "description": "Tests whether the model implements the Healthchecker interface for service health checks",
    "prompt": "I have a database service registered in samber/do. I want to add health checking so I can verify the database is reachable. How do I implement this?",
    "trap": "Without the skill, the model writes a standalone health check function instead of implementing the Healthchecker interface that integrates with do's lifecycle",
    "assertions": [
      {"id": "7.1", "text": "Implements a HealthCheck() method on the database service struct"},
      {"id": "7.2", "text": "The HealthCheck method signature is either HealthCheck() error or HealthCheck(ctx context.Context) error"},
      {"id": "7.3", "text": "Uses do.HealthCheck[Database](injector) to invoke the health check through the container"},
      {"id": "7.4", "text": "Does NOT write a standalone function that manually fetches the service and pings it"},
      {"id": "7.5", "text": "The health check actually tests connectivity (e.g., conn.Ping())"}
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": 8,
    "name": "graceful-shutdown-interface",
    "description": "Tests whether the model implements the Shutdowner interface for graceful shutdown",
    "prompt": "My Go application uses samber/do for DI. I need to gracefully shut down all services (close database connections, flush logs) when the application receives SIGINT. Show me how.",
    "trap": "Without the skill, the model writes manual shutdown code with signal handling, missing do's ShutdownOnSignals integration and Shutdowner interface",
    "assertions": [
      {"id": "8.1", "text": "Implements Shutdown() or Shutdown(ctx context.Context) method on services that need cleanup"},
      {"id": "8.2", "text": "Uses injector.ShutdownOnSignals or injector.ShutdownOnSignalsWithContext for signal-based shutdown"},
      {"id": "8.3", "text": "Passes os.Interrupt or syscall.SIGTERM to the shutdown function"},
      {"id": "8.4", "text": "Does NOT manually implement signal handling and iterate over services to shut them down"},
      {"id": "8.5", "text": "May use context.WithTimeout for shutdown deadline"}
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": 9,
    "name": "composition-root-only",
    "description": "Tests that the container is only accessed at the composition root, not passed around or used as a service locator",
    "prompt": "I'm using samber/do for DI in my Go project. I have a UserHandler that needs a UserService. Should I pass the do.Injector to UserHandler so it can resolve its own dependencies?",
    "trap": "Without the skill, the model passes the injector into business logic code, turning it into an anti-pattern service locator",
    "assertions": [
      {"id": "9.1", "text": "Advises against passing do.Injector into business logic or handler code"},
      {"id": "9.2", "text": "States that the container should only be accessed at the composition root (main/startup)"},
      {"id": "9.3", "text": "Shows resolving dependencies in the provider function using do.MustInvoke from the injector parameter"},
      {"id": "9.4", "text": "The UserHandler receives its dependencies as constructor parameters, not the container"},
      {"id": "9.5", "text": "Explains that passing the container creates a service locator anti-pattern that hides dependencies"}
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": 10,
    "name": "named-services-same-type",
    "description": "Tests whether the model uses named services when registering multiple instances of the same type",
    "prompt": "My Go app connects to two PostgreSQL databases — a primary for writes and a replica for reads. Both are *sql.DB instances. How do I register and retrieve them with samber/do?",
    "trap": "Without the skill, the model tries to register both with do.Provide which overwrites the first registration, or wraps them in different types unnecessarily",
    "assertions": [
      {"id": "10.1", "text": "Uses do.ProvideNamed to register each database with a distinct name (e.g., 'primary-db', 'replica-db')"},
      {"id": "10.2", "text": "Uses do.MustInvokeNamed or do.InvokeNamed to retrieve each database by name"},
      {"id": "10.3", "text": "Both databases are registered as the same type (*sql.DB or a Database interface)"},
      {"id": "10.4", "text": "Does NOT create unnecessary wrapper types just to distinguish the two databases"},
      {"id": "10.5", "text": "Does NOT overwrite the first registration by using do.Provide twice for the same type"}
    ]
  },
  {
    "id": 11,
    "name": "struct-injection-with-tags",
    "description": "Tests knowledge of struct injection using do tags",
    "prompt": "I have a Go struct with multiple service dependencies that I want to inject from my samber/do container. Is there a way to avoid calling MustInvoke for each field manually?",
    "trap": "Without the skill, the model manually invokes each dependency and assigns to struct fields, missing the do:\"\" tag-based struct injection",
    "assertions": [
      {"id": "11.1", "text": "Uses struct field tags with do:\"\" or do:\"service-name\" syntax"},
      {"id": "11.2", "text": "Uses do.MustInvokeStruct or do.InvokeStruct to populate the struct"},
      {"id": "11.3", "text": "Shows that do:\"\" uses the type for resolution and do:\"name\" uses a named service"},
      {"id": "11.4", "text": "Does NOT manually call MustInvoke for each field when struct injection is available"}
    ]
  }
]

Requirements and compatibility

Written for: Claude Code, OpenAI Codex

Works with: Claude Code, Claude apps, OpenAI Codex, GitHub Copilot, Cursor, Gemini CLI, Kiro, OpenCode, Goose, Amp, Roo Code, JetBrains Junie, Factory Droid, Devin (ex-Windsurf), Mistral Vibe, OpenHands, Letta

“Works with” means the tool reads the open Agent Skills format; a skill written for one tool may use features others lack.

Needs: Declares allowed tools, Claude Code frontmatter

The author says: Designed for Claude Code, Codex or similar harness, and for projects using Golang.

Security

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Attribution and licence

Created by
samber
Publisher
Samuel Berthe (Community)
Distributed by
Samuel Berthe
Source
samber/cc-skills-golang · skills/golang-samber-do · commit bb1d43d
Licence
MIT License (redistribution allowed)
  • LICENSE (added by AutoGineer from LICENSE)
  • ATTRIBUTION.md (written by AutoGineer)
Synced

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