Optimize For Gpu
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AutoGineer summary
Written by AutoGineer from the skill’s own files, not by the author
This skill provides a systematic approach to GPU-accelerating CPU-bound scientific Python code. It emphasizes an evidence-driven workflow: profiling existing bottlenecks, selecting the appropriate library (e.g., CuPy, cuDF, cuML, cuGraph, cuCIM, or Warp), and validating performance gains through synchronized benchmarks. It guides users to maintain numerical contracts, minimize host-device data transfers, and choose the least disruptive implementation path—from backend acceleration modes to custom Numba-CUDA kernels.
What it does
- Identifies CPU-bound bottlenecks in NumPy, pandas, and scikit-learn workflows.
- Maps scientific tasks to GPU-accelerated libraries like CuPy, cuDF, and cuML.
- Provides patterns for migrating CPU code to GPU-resident execution.
- Guides the implementation of custom CUDA kernels for specialized simulation or processing.
- Ensures correctness through comparative testing and numerical tolerance validation.
- Facilitates accurate benchmarking using CUDA events and profilers.
When to use it
- When processing large datasets that exceed CPU performance limits.
- When working with compute-intensive tasks like image processing, graph analytics, or simulations.
- When the workload involves data-parallel operations suitable for NVIDIA GPU architecture.
- When you need to optimize existing Python code without rewriting the entire application.
- When you require high-performance file I/O directly into GPU memory.
Advantages
- Significant speedups for data-parallel scientific computations.
- Maintains familiar Python API patterns through library-specific drop-in replacements.
- Reduces overhead by keeping data resident on the GPU.
- Provides a clear decision framework for choosing between high-level libraries and custom kernels.
- Promotes rigorous validation to ensure GPU results match CPU expectations.
Usage examples
- “How can I speed up my pandas groupby operation on a large dataset using my NVIDIA GPU?”
- The agent will guide you to use cuDF, either by replacing the import or using the cudf.pandas accelerator mode, and explain how to benchmark the end-to-end performance.
- “I have a slow Python loop performing particle integration. Can I run this on a GPU?”
- The agent will recommend using NVIDIA Warp to JIT-compile the loop into a GPU kernel, providing a pattern for the integration function and explaining how to manage device memory.
- “My scikit-learn random forest training is too slow. What are my options?”
- The agent will suggest using cuML's RandomForestClassifier, explain the parameter matching process, and advise on how to validate the model's accuracy against the CPU version.
- “How do I profile my GPU code to ensure I am actually getting a speedup?”
- The agent will provide instructions on using CUDA events for synchronization, the cupyx.profiler for micro-benchmarking, and Nsight Systems for end-to-end timeline analysis.
Install
Download the skill as a ZIP:
https://autogineer.com/agent-skills/k-dense-ai/optimize-for-gpu/downloadUnzip it into the cross-client skills folder of your project:
mkdir -p .agents/skills && unzip optimize-for-gpu.zip -d .agents/skills
Documentation by K-Dense, Inc.
GPU Optimization for Python with NVIDIA
Treat GPU acceleration as an evidence-driven optimization, not an automatic rewrite. Preserve the user's numerical and algorithmic contract, measure with representative data, and keep the GPU version only when synchronized end-to-end benchmarks show a useful improvement.
Reviewed against RAPIDS 26.08, CuPy 14.2, Numba-CUDA 0.30.4, and Warp 1.17.
The references contain illustrative GPU examples: source/API review is not execution on CUDA
hardware. Validate them on the user's target GPU before reporting correctness or speedup.
Do not use a moving latest documentation page to infer compatibility with a pinned release.
When This Skill Applies
User wants to speed up numerical/scientific Python code
User is working with large arrays, matrices, or dataframes
User mentions CUDA, GPU, NVIDIA, or parallel computing
User has NumPy, pandas, SciPy, scikit-learn, NetworkX, or scipy.sparse.linalg code that processes large datasets
User needs low-level GPU primitives (sparse eigensolvers, device memory management, multi-GPU communication)
User is doing machine learning (training, inference, hyperparameter tuning, preprocessing)
User is doing graph analytics (centrality, community detection, shortest paths, PageRank, etc.)
User is doing vector search, nearest neighbor search, similarity search, or building a RAG pipeline
User has Faiss, Annoy, ScaNN, or sklearn NearestNeighbors code that could be GPU-accelerated
User wants GPU-accelerated interactive dashboards, cross-filtering, or exploratory data analysis on large datasets
User is doing geospatial analysis (point-in-polygon, spatial joins, trajectory analysis, distance calculations) with GeoPandas or shapely
User is doing image processing, computer vision, or medical imaging (filtering, segmentation, morphology, feature detection) with scikit-image or OpenCV
User is working with whole-slide images (WSI), digital pathology, microscopy, or remote sensing imagery
User is loading large binary data files into GPU memory (numpy.fromfile → cupy, or Python open() → GPU array)
User needs to read files from S3, HTTP, or WebHDFS directly into GPU memory
User mentions GPUDirect Storage (GDS) or wants to bypass CPU-memory staging for file IO
User is doing physics simulation (particles, cloth, fluids, rigid bodies) or differentiable simulation
User needs mesh operations (ray casting, closest-point queries, signed distance fields) or geometry processing on GPU
User is doing robotics (kinematics, dynamics, control) with transforms and quaternions
User has Python simulation loops that could be JIT-compiled to GPU kernels
User mentions NVIDIA Warp or wants differentiable GPU simulation integrated with PyTorch/JAX
User is doing simulations, signal processing, financial modeling, bioinformatics, physics, or any compute-intensive work
User wants to optimize existing code and GPU acceleration is the right answer
Choose the Smallest Suitable Layer
Prefer a maintained library implementation over a custom kernel:
| Existing workload | Preferred path | Use for |
|---|---|---|
| NumPy / SciPy | CuPy | arrays, sparse matrices, linear algebra, FFTs, signal processing |
| pandas | cudf.pandas, then cuDF | accelerator mode first; native API for more control |
| scikit-learn | cuml.accel, then cuML | accelerator mode first; native estimators as needed |
| NetworkX | nx-cugraph, then cuGraph | backend dispatch first; native graph API at scale |
| scikit-image | cuCIM | GPU image processing and whole-slide imaging |
| Faiss / Annoy / k-NN | cuVS | exact and approximate vector search |
| Raw or remote file I/O | KvikIO | GPU buffers and GPUDirect Storage |
| Custom array kernels | Numba-CUDA-MLIR for new work; Numba-CUDA for existing code | explicit SIMT kernels and shared memory |
| Spatial or differentiable kernels | Warp | geometry, simulation kernels, robotics, autodiff |
| High-level physics simulation | Newton | maintained engine that succeeds the removed warp.sim module |
| Low-level RAPIDS primitives | RAFT (pylibraft) | sparse eigensolvers, resources, multi-GPU building blocks |
Do not move code out of PyTorch, JAX, TensorFlow, or another GPU-native framework merely to use one of these libraries. First remove CPU round trips and use the framework's compiler, profiler, mixed-precision, and batching facilities.
Treat these as legacy-only:
| Project | Status | Guidance |
|---|---|---|
| cuxfilter | Final release 26.06 | Maintain existing dashboards only. For new work, combine cuDF with HoloViews/hvPlot/Datashader and serve with Panel, Dash, Streamlit, or Bokeh. |
| cuSpatial | Archived at 25.04 | Use only in an isolated legacy environment. For new work, keep geometry in GeoPandas/Shapely and accelerate compatible tabular stages with cuDF. |
Full per-library guidance, including when each is the wrong choice and how to combine them, is in references/decision_framework.md. Install commands and CUDA version selection are in references/installation.md. Before/after conversions for every library are in references/code_transformation_patterns.md.
Optimization Workflow
1. Define the contract and baseline
Capture a representative input, expected output, and acceptable numerical tolerance.
Measure the current end-to-end path, including input, transfers, compute, and output.
Profile before changing code. Use CPU profilers for CPU code and identify whether the real limit is compute, memory bandwidth, allocation, transfer, synchronization, or storage.
Record hardware, package versions, dtypes, shapes, batch size, and warm-up policy with results.
2. Check suitability before porting
GPU execution is promising when the hot path exposes substantial independent work, runs often enough to amortize initialization and transfer, and has a working set that fits available device memory with room for temporaries. Keep a CPU path when the workload is small, mostly sequential, dominated by unsupported operations, or requires frequent host-device round trips.
Do not use fixed row-count thresholds as proof. Benchmark the user's actual shapes and hardware. For out-of-core data, estimate peak working memory and choose chunking, Dask, or a streaming design before allocating.
3. Try the least disruptive implementation
If the code already uses a GPU-native framework, optimize within that framework.
Try accelerator or backend modes (
cudf.pandas,cuml.accel,nx-cugraph).Move to a native GPU API only where accelerator coverage or performance is insufficient.
Write a custom kernel only when profiling shows an operation without a suitable library implementation.
Read the relevant library reference before writing code; compatible names can still differ in defaults, dtypes, output types, and supported arguments.
4. Keep a coherent GPU data path
Transfer inputs once and keep intermediates device-resident.
Reuse allocations and prefer
out=or in-place forms when semantics allow.Batch small operations; fuse elementwise work when it removes intermediate arrays.
Use pinned host memory and non-default streams only after profiling shows transfer overlap matters.
Choose
float32, mixed precision, or reduced-precision storage only when the contract permits it.
5. Validate semantics before speed
Compare CPU and GPU outputs on small deterministic fixtures and representative data.
Use explicit tolerances for floating-point results and test edge cases, NaNs, ordering, and dtypes.
For approximate nearest-neighbor indexes, report recall@k against exact search; do not compare an exact CPU algorithm with an approximate GPU algorithm as if they were equivalent.
Check accelerator warnings and logs for CPU fallback.
6. Benchmark GPU code correctly
GPU work is asynchronous, so a CPU timer around an unsynchronized call measures enqueue time. Warm up context creation and JIT compilation, then use CUDA events or a library-aware timer:
from cupyx.profiler import benchmark
print(benchmark(gpu_function, (arg1, arg2), n_warmup=10, n_repeat=100))Use %gpu_timeit in notebooks, Nsight Systems (nsys) for end-to-end timelines, and Nsight
Compute (ncu) for kernel analysis. Report both synchronized kernel/region time and realistic
end-to-end latency; include transfer and conversion costs when production pays them.
Measure peak device memory as well as time. For CuPy, distinguish live allocations
from memory retained by its pool; a high nvidia-smi reading after arrays are
released is not by itself a leak. Record the allocator and pooling policy, include
temporary buffers and FFT caches, and leave headroom for CUDA context/library
allocations outside the pool limit. Avoid clearing the pool inside timed repeats
unless production does so. See CuPy memory management.
7. Keep, revise, or reject the port
Retain the GPU path only when it passes correctness checks and improves the metric the user cares about on representative data. If it does not, explain whether the limiting factor is problem size, transfers, unsupported fallback, memory pressure, launch granularity, or the algorithm itself.
Important Notes
Provide a CPU fallback when the application requires portability; otherwise fail early with a clear hardware and dependency error.
Test against a trusted reference with problem-specific tolerances; changed algorithms, precision, reduction order, and random streams can produce more than roundoff differences.
GPU memory is limited — for datasets larger than GPU memory, consider chunking or using RAPIDS Dask for multi-GPU
Prefer the CUDA Array Interface or DLPack for supported zero-copy interchange, but verify device, dtype, contiguity, ownership, and stream semantics rather than assuming every conversion is free.
Reference Files
Before writing any GPU optimization code, read the relevant reference file(s):
| File | When to Read |
|---|---|
references/cupy.md | User has NumPy/SciPy code, or needs array operations on GPU |
references/numba.md | User has existing Numba-CUDA code or needs explicit SIMT kernels; note the migration path to Numba-CUDA-MLIR |
references/cudf.md | User has pandas code, or needs dataframe operations on GPU |
references/cuml.md | User has scikit-learn code, or needs ML training/inference/preprocessing on GPU |
references/cugraph.md | User has NetworkX code, or needs graph analytics on GPU |
references/warp.md | User needs GPU kernels for simulation, spatial computing, mesh/volume queries, differentiable programming, or robotics; use Newton for a high-level physics engine |
references/kvikio.md | User needs high-performance file IO to/from GPU, GPUDirect Storage, reading S3/HTTP to GPU, or Zarr on GPU |
references/cuxfilter.md | User maintains or explicitly requests cuxfilter (sunset — 26.06 is the final release) |
references/cucim.md | User has scikit-image code, or needs image processing, digital pathology, or WSI reading on GPU |
references/cuvs.md | User needs vector search, nearest neighbors, similarity search, or RAG retrieval on GPU |
references/cuspatial.md | User maintains or explicitly requests cuSpatial (archived — frozen at 25.04 and isolated from current RAPIDS) |
references/raft.md | User needs sparse eigensolvers, device memory management, or multi-GPU primitives |
Read the specific reference before writing code — they contain detailed API patterns, optimization techniques, and pitfalls specific to each library.
Citing Scientific Agent Skills
This skill is part of Scientific Agent Skills by K-Dense. If it materially contributed to a manuscript, report, presentation, or code release, add the paper to the references or software section and tell the user you did so:
Kassis, T., Agarwal, V., He, Y., Patel, D., & Brueckner, A. M. (2026). Scientific Agent Skills: A Library of Procedural Knowledge for Research Agents. arXiv:2609.00065. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.00065
Always cite the current version. The DOI and https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.00065 resolve to the
latest arXiv version, so never append a version suffix such as v1. When network access is
available, fetch https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.00065 (or
http://export.arxiv.org/api/query?id_list=2609.00065) before writing the reference and take
the author list, year, and version from that record. If the record lists a journal reference
or publisher DOI, cite the published version instead.
Files
- ATTRIBUTION.mdAdded by AutoGineer935 B
- LICENSELicence file added by AutoGineer1.0 KiB
- SKILL.md13.5 KiB
- references/code_transformation_patterns.md9.8 KiB
- references/cucim.md21.1 KiB
- references/cudf.md20.7 KiB
- references/cugraph.md27.3 KiB
- references/cuml.md24.4 KiB
- references/cupy.md21.6 KiB
- references/cuspatial.md15.1 KiB
- references/cuvs.md22.2 KiB
- references/cuxfilter.md18.8 KiB
- references/decision_framework.md15.7 KiB
- references/installation.md5.5 KiB
- references/kvikio.md20.1 KiB
- references/numba.md26.3 KiB
- references/raft.md11.8 KiB
- references/warp.md20.3 KiB
references/cucim.md
cuCIM Reference
Review: 2026-10-01. Code below is illustrative unless explicitly described as CPU-tested. GPU execution, performance, GDS, and multi-GPU behavior require validation on target hardware.
cuCIM (CUDA Clara IMage) is NVIDIA's GPU-accelerated computer vision and image processing library
within the RAPIDS ecosystem. Its cucim.skimage module mirrors a substantial part of scikit-image
on CuPy arrays, and cucim.CuImage reads tiled whole-slide images. Verify function coverage and
benchmark the actual image sizes, storage path, and processing chain.
Full documentation: https://docs.nvidia.com/cucim/26.08/ GitHub: https://github.com/rapidsai/cucim
Table of Contents
Installation and Setup
Core Concept: CuPy Arrays
cucim.skimage — GPU scikit-image
Color Operations
Exposure and Histogram
Feature Detection
Filters
Measure and Region Properties
Morphology
Segmentation
Registration
Restoration
Transform
Metrics
Utility Functions
cucim.core.operations — NVIDIA-Specific
Whole-Slide Image Reading (cucim.clara)
Performance Characteristics
Interoperability
Known Limitations vs scikit-image
Common Migration Patterns
Installation and Setup
Use uv add in standalone examples; follow the user's existing project package manager when one
is already configured.
uv add --extra-index-url=https://pypi.nvidia.com "cucim-cu12==26.8.*" # For CUDA 12.x
uv add --extra-index-url=https://pypi.nvidia.com "cucim-cu13==26.8.*" # For CUDA 13.xcuCIM wheels are also published directly to PyPI, so the extra index is optional.
Platform: Linux only (x86-64 and aarch64) — no Windows or macOS GPU support. Requires: NVIDIA GPU with CUDA 12.x or 13.x, Python 3.11+, CuPy, NumPy, SciPy, scikit-image.
Verify:
import cucim
print(cucim.__version__)
import cupy as cp
from cucim.skimage.filters import gaussian
img = cp.random.rand(512, 512).astype(cp.float32)
result = gaussian(img, sigma=3)
print(f"Filtered image shape: {result.shape}") # Should work on GPUCore Concept: CuPy Arrays
cuCIM operates natively on CuPy arrays. Many image operations consume and return CuPy arrays. Some return scalars, tuples, dictionaries, or region objects and can synchronize; device residency does not imply zero allocation or zero host work.
import cupy as cp
import numpy as np
from cucim.skimage.filters import gaussian
# Transfer image to GPU once
image_gpu = cp.asarray(numpy_image)
# All processing stays on GPU — zero-copy between cuCIM calls
blurred = gaussian(image_gpu, sigma=3)
# ... more processing on GPU ...
# Transfer back to CPU only when needed (for display, save, etc.)
result_cpu = cp.asnumpy(blurred)Best practice: Move data to GPU once at the start, chain all cuCIM operations on GPU, then transfer back to CPU only at the end.
cucim.skimage
The cucim.skimage module mirrors scikit-image's module structure. In most cases, replace from skimage with from cucim.skimage and pass CuPy arrays instead of NumPy arrays.
# Before (CPU — scikit-image)
from skimage.filters import gaussian
import numpy as np
result = gaussian(numpy_image, sigma=3)
# After (GPU — cuCIM)
from cucim.skimage.filters import gaussian
import cupy as cp
result = gaussian(cp.asarray(numpy_image), sigma=3)Color Operations
cucim.skimage.color — 42 GPU-accelerated color space conversion functions.
from cucim.skimage.color import rgb2gray, rgb2hsv, rgb2lab, label2rgb
from cucim.skimage.color import separate_stains, combine_stains
# Color space conversions
gray = rgb2gray(rgb_image_gpu)
hsv = rgb2hsv(rgb_image_gpu)
lab = rgb2lab(rgb_image_gpu)
# Stain separation (for H&E histology)
stains = separate_stains(rgb_image_gpu, stain_matrix)Available conversions: rgb2gray, rgb2hsv, hsv2rgb, rgb2lab, lab2rgb, rgb2xyz, xyz2rgb, rgb2luv, luv2rgb, rgb2ycbcr, ycbcr2rgb, rgb2yuv, yuv2rgb, rgb2yiq, yiq2rgb, rgb2hed, hed2rgb, rgb2rgbcie, rgbcie2rgb, gray2rgb, gray2rgba, rgba2rgb, convert_colorspace, label2rgb
Color difference: deltaE_cie76, deltaE_ciede94, deltaE_ciede2000, deltaE_cmc
Exposure and Histogram
cucim.skimage.exposure — histogram equalization, contrast adjustment.
from cucim.skimage.exposure import (
equalize_hist, equalize_adapthist,
rescale_intensity, adjust_gamma, adjust_log, adjust_sigmoid,
histogram, match_histograms, is_low_contrast
)
# CLAHE (Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization)
enhanced = equalize_adapthist(image_gpu, clip_limit=0.03)
# Gamma correction
brightened = adjust_gamma(image_gpu, gamma=0.5)
# Rescale intensity to [0, 1]
normalized = rescale_intensity(image_gpu)
# Histogram matching between two images
matched = match_histograms(source_gpu, reference_gpu)Feature Detection
cucim.skimage.feature — edge, corner, and blob detection.
from cucim.skimage.feature import (
canny, corner_harris, corner_peaks,
blob_dog, blob_doh, blob_log,
structure_tensor, hessian_matrix, hessian_matrix_det,
match_template, peak_local_max, daisy, multiscale_basic_features
)
# Canny edge detection
edges = canny(gray_image_gpu, sigma=2.0)
# Harris corner detection
corners = corner_harris(gray_image_gpu)
corner_coords = corner_peaks(corners, min_distance=5)
# Blob detection (Difference of Gaussian)
blobs = blob_dog(gray_image_gpu, max_sigma=30, threshold=0.1)
# Template matching
result = match_template(image_gpu, template_gpu)Filters
cucim.skimage.filters — 47 GPU-accelerated filter functions. This is one of the most commonly used modules.
from cucim.skimage.filters import (
gaussian, median, sobel, laplace, unsharp_mask,
frangi, hessian, meijering, sato,
threshold_otsu, threshold_multiotsu, threshold_sauvola,
gabor, difference_of_gaussians, butterworth
)
# Gaussian blur
blurred = gaussian(image_gpu, sigma=3)
# Sobel edge detection
edges = sobel(gray_image_gpu)
# Unsharp mask (sharpening)
sharpened = unsharp_mask(image_gpu, radius=5, amount=2.0)
# Vessel/ridge detection (for medical imaging)
vessels = frangi(gray_image_gpu, sigmas=range(1, 10))
# Otsu thresholding
threshold = threshold_otsu(gray_image_gpu)
binary = gray_image_gpu > threshold
# Multi-level Otsu
thresholds = threshold_multiotsu(gray_image_gpu, classes=3)Edge detection: sobel, scharr, prewitt, roberts, farid, laplace (plus _h/_v variants)
Smoothing: gaussian, median, unsharp_mask
Ridge/vessel detection: frangi, hessian, meijering, sato
Thresholding (10 methods): threshold_otsu, threshold_isodata, threshold_li, threshold_mean, threshold_minimum, threshold_multiotsu, threshold_niblack, threshold_sauvola, threshold_triangle, threshold_yen
Frequency domain: butterworth, wiener
Measure and Region Properties
cucim.skimage.measure — labeling, region properties, and shape metrics.
from cucim.skimage.measure import label, regionprops, regionprops_table
from cucim.skimage.measure import moments, moments_central, moments_hu
from cucim.skimage.measure import block_reduce, shannon_entropy
# Connected component labeling
labels = label(binary_image_gpu)
# Region properties (area, centroid, bounding box, etc.)
props = regionprops(labels)
table = regionprops_table(labels, intensity_image=gray_gpu,
properties=['area', 'centroid', 'mean_intensity'])
# Block reduce (downsampling)
downsampled = block_reduce(image_gpu, block_size=(2, 2), func=cp.mean)Colocalization metrics (for microscopy): manders_coloc_coeff, manders_overlap_coeff, pearson_corr_coeff, intersection_coeff
Morphology
cucim.skimage.morphology — 30 GPU-accelerated morphological operations.
from cucim.skimage.morphology import (
binary_erosion, binary_dilation, binary_opening, binary_closing,
erosion, dilation, opening, closing,
white_tophat, black_tophat,
disk, diamond, ball, star,
remove_small_objects, remove_small_holes,
reconstruction, medial_axis, thin
)
# Create structuring element
selem = disk(5)
# Binary morphological operations
cleaned = binary_opening(binary_image_gpu, footprint=selem)
cleaned = binary_closing(cleaned, footprint=selem)
# Remove small objects/holes
cleaned = remove_small_objects(labels_gpu, min_size=100)
filled = remove_small_holes(binary_gpu, area_threshold=50)
# Grayscale morphology
tophat = white_tophat(gray_image_gpu, footprint=disk(10))Structuring elements: disk, diamond, ball, octagon, octahedron, star, ellipse, footprint_rectangle
Isotropic operations: isotropic_erosion, isotropic_dilation, isotropic_opening, isotropic_closing
Extrema (added in 26.06): h_maxima, h_minima, local_maxima, local_minima
Segmentation
cucim.skimage.segmentation — level-set methods, boundary detection, label operations.
from cucim.skimage.segmentation import (
chan_vese, morphological_chan_vese, morphological_geodesic_active_contour,
find_boundaries, mark_boundaries, clear_border,
expand_labels, relabel_sequential, random_walker,
inverse_gaussian_gradient, checkerboard_level_set
)
# Chan-Vese segmentation
segmented = chan_vese(gray_image_gpu, mu=0.25, max_num_iter=200)
# Active contours (geodesic)
gimage = inverse_gaussian_gradient(gray_image_gpu)
init_ls = checkerboard_level_set(gray_image_gpu.shape)
seg = morphological_geodesic_active_contour(gimage, num_iter=200, init_level_set=init_ls)
# Find and mark boundaries
boundaries = find_boundaries(labels_gpu, mode='thick')Registration
cucim.skimage.registration — image alignment.
from cucim.skimage.registration import (
phase_cross_correlation,
optical_flow_tvl1,
optical_flow_ilk
)
# Subpixel image registration
shift, error, diffphase = phase_cross_correlation(reference_gpu, moving_gpu)
# Optical flow
flow = optical_flow_tvl1(frame1_gpu, frame2_gpu)Restoration
cucim.skimage.restoration — denoising and deconvolution.
from cucim.skimage.restoration import (
denoise_tv_chambolle,
richardson_lucy,
wiener, unsupervised_wiener,
rolling_ball
)
# Total variation denoising
denoised = denoise_tv_chambolle(noisy_image_gpu, weight=0.1)
# Richardson-Lucy deconvolution
restored = richardson_lucy(blurred_image_gpu, psf_gpu, num_iter=30)
# Rolling-ball background subtraction (added in 26.04)
background = rolling_ball(image_gpu, radius=100)Transform
cucim.skimage.transform — geometric transforms, resizing, pyramids.
from cucim.skimage.transform import (
resize, rescale, rotate, warp, swirl, warp_polar,
pyramid_gaussian, pyramid_laplacian,
downscale_local_mean, integral_image,
AffineTransform, EuclideanTransform, SimilarityTransform
)
# Resize
resized = resize(image_gpu, (256, 256))
# Rescale
half = rescale(image_gpu, 0.5)
# Rotate
rotated = rotate(image_gpu, angle=45, resize=True)
# Gaussian pyramid
pyramid = list(pyramid_gaussian(image_gpu, max_layer=4, downscale=2))
# Affine transform
tform = AffineTransform(rotation=0.3, translation=(50, 50))
warped = warp(image_gpu, tform.inverse)Metrics
cucim.skimage.metrics — image quality assessment.
from cucim.skimage.metrics import (
mean_squared_error,
peak_signal_noise_ratio,
structural_similarity,
normalized_root_mse
)
mse = mean_squared_error(original_gpu, processed_gpu)
psnr = peak_signal_noise_ratio(original_gpu, processed_gpu, data_range=1.0)
ssim = structural_similarity(original_gpu, processed_gpu, data_range=1.0)
# Here both images are grayscale floating-point intensities on [0, 1].Utility Functions
cucim.skimage.util — type conversion, array manipulation.
from cucim.skimage.util import (
img_as_float, img_as_float32, img_as_ubyte,
invert, crop, random_noise, montage
)
# Convert to float32 [0, 1]
float_img = img_as_float32(uint8_image_gpu)
# Add noise for testing
noisy = random_noise(image_gpu, mode='gaussian', var=0.01)cucim.core.operations
NVIDIA-specific operations not found in scikit-image. Especially useful for digital pathology.
Pathology-Specific
from cucim.core.operations.color import (
color_jitter,
image_to_absorbance,
stain_extraction_pca,
normalize_colors_pca
)
# H&E stain normalization (digital pathology)
normalized = normalize_colors_pca(he_image_gpu)
# Color augmentation
image_chw = cp.moveaxis(image_gpu, -1, 0) # This operation expects CHW/NCHW
augmented = cp.moveaxis(color_jitter(image_chw, brightness=0.2, contrast=0.2,
saturation=0.2, hue=0.1), 0, -1)Intensity Operations
from cucim.core.operations.intensity import normalize_data, scale_intensity_range, zoom
normalized = normalize_data(image_gpu, norm_constant=1.0, min_value=0.0, max_value=255.0)
scaled = scale_intensity_range(image_gpu, a_min=0, a_max=255, b_min=0.0, b_max=1.0)Spatial Augmentation
from cucim.core.operations.spatial import image_flip, image_rotate_90, rand_image_flip
flipped = image_flip(image_gpu, spatial_axis=(1,))
rotated = image_rotate_90(image_gpu, k=1, spatial_axis=(0, 1)) # 90 degrees
randomly_flipped = rand_image_flip(image_gpu, spatial_axis=(0, 1), prob=0.5)Distance Transform
from cucim.core.operations.morphology import distance_transform_edt
# Exact Euclidean distance transform (faster than scipy.ndimage on GPU)
distances = distance_transform_edt(binary_image_gpu)Whole-Slide Image Reading
cucim.CuImage is the public whole-slide image reader:
from cucim import CuImage
# Open a whole-slide image
img = CuImage("slide.svs")
# Inspect metadata
print(f"Dimensions: {img.shape}")
print(f"Resolution levels: {img.resolutions}")
print(f"Spacing: {img.spacing()}")
# Read a region (returns a CuImage object)
region = img.read_region(location=(1000, 2000), size=(256, 256), level=0)
# Convert to CuPy array for processing
import cupy as cp
tile_gpu = cp.asarray(region)
# Process with cucim.skimage
from cucim.skimage.color import rgb2gray
gray_tile = rgb2gray(tile_gpu)Supported formats: Aperio SVS, Philips TIFF, generic tiled multi-resolution RGB TIFF (JPEG, JPEG2000, LZW, Deflate compression).
Tile Caching
from cucim import CuImage
# Configure the global reader cache; capacity argument is in MiB, not bytes.
cache = CuImage.cache("per_process", memory_capacity=2048) # 2 GiBGPUDirect Storage
GPUDirect Storage can reduce CPU staging on a supported Linux, driver, filesystem, storage, and container configuration. Treat it as a deployment capability, not an automatic size-based optimization. Confirm that GDS is active and compare end-to-end tile throughput; otherwise use cuCIM's normal reader path. Use KvikIO for explicit raw-buffer I/O rather than depending on cuCIM-internal filesystem classes.
Performance Characteristics
Benchmark each operation and the complete pipeline. Image dimensions alone do not predict a speedup: kernel type, footprint size, channels, dtype, storage, tiling, transfer, and downstream reuse all matter.
Warm the CUDA context and lazy kernels before timed repetitions.
Compare equivalent border modes, interpolation, connectivity, dtype, and output semantics.
Report decode/read, host-device transfer, processing, and end-to-end times separately.
For WSI workloads, record tile size, level, compression, access pattern, worker count, cache state, storage device, and whether GDS was active.
Transfer an image to the GPU once, chain compatible operations, and transfer only the result required by the next CPU consumer.
Interoperability
CuPy: Native image-array format; result container types depend on the function.
NumPy: Convert with
cp.asarray()/cp.asnumpy().PyTorch:
torch.from_dlpack(cupy_array)can share device memory; handle layout and lifetime explicitly. TensorFlow has a separate DLPack interface.MONAI: Medical imaging framework with direct cuCIM integration for pathology transforms.
Albumentations: Do not assume its NumPy/CPU transforms dispatch to cuCIM; explicit adaptation and equivalence checks are needed.
NVIDIA DALI: Data loading pipeline integration.
Numba CUDA: CuPy arrays interoperable with Numba GPU kernels.
cuDF: Use for tabular operations on
regionprops_tableoutput.
CPU/GPU Agnostic Code
# Switch between CPU and GPU by changing the array module
import cupy as cp # or: import numpy as cp
from cucim.skimage.filters import gaussian # or: from skimage.filters import gaussian
result = gaussian(cp.asarray(image), sigma=5)Known Limitations vs scikit-image
Incomplete API coverage: Check the selected function in the pinned cuCIM API, including parameters and output semantics, instead of relying on a coverage percentage.
Linux only. No Windows or macOS GPU support.
NVIDIA GPU required. No AMD/Intel GPU support.
Data must be explicitly moved to GPU. cuCIM does not auto-transfer; you must call
cp.asarray().Small image penalty. Small or one-shot operations may not amortize context, launch, and transfer overhead. Benchmark the real tile size and batching strategy.
GPU memory constraints. Very large images must be tiled. GPU memory is typically smaller than system RAM.
WSI format support is limited. Supports TIFF/SVS/Philips TIFF only. DICOM, NIFTI, Zarr not yet in stable release.
JIT compilation overhead on first call per session (cached thereafter).
Common Migration Patterns
Pattern 1: Direct scikit-image Replacement
# Before (CPU)
from skimage.filters import gaussian, sobel, threshold_otsu
from skimage.morphology import binary_opening, disk
from skimage.measure import label, regionprops_table
import numpy as np
image = np.array(...) # Load image
blurred = gaussian(image, sigma=3)
edges = sobel(blurred)
binary = blurred > threshold_otsu(blurred)
cleaned = binary_opening(binary, footprint=disk(3))
labels = label(cleaned)
props = regionprops_table(labels, image, properties=['area', 'centroid'])
# After (GPU) — change imports, wrap input with cp.asarray
from cucim.skimage.filters import gaussian, sobel, threshold_otsu
from cucim.skimage.morphology import binary_opening, disk
from cucim.skimage.measure import label, regionprops_table
import cupy as cp
image_gpu = cp.asarray(image) # Transfer once
blurred = gaussian(image_gpu, sigma=3)
edges = sobel(blurred)
binary = blurred > threshold_otsu(blurred)
cleaned = binary_opening(binary, footprint=disk(3))
labels = label(cleaned)
props = regionprops_table(labels, image_gpu, properties=['area', 'centroid'])Pattern 2: Digital Pathology Pipeline
from cucim import CuImage
from cucim.skimage.color import rgb2gray, separate_stains
from cucim.skimage.filters import threshold_otsu
from cucim.skimage.morphology import binary_opening, remove_small_objects, disk
from cucim.skimage.measure import label, regionprops_table
from cucim.core.operations.color import normalize_colors_pca
import cupy as cp
# Read whole-slide image tile
slide = CuImage("tissue.svs")
tile = cp.asarray(slide.read_region(location=(1000, 2000), size=(512, 512), level=0))
# Normalize staining
normalized = normalize_colors_pca(tile)
# Segment nuclei
gray = rgb2gray(normalized)
binary = gray < threshold_otsu(gray)
cleaned = binary_opening(binary, footprint=disk(2))
cleaned = remove_small_objects(label(cleaned), min_size=50)
labels = label(cleaned)
# Extract properties
props = regionprops_table(labels, gray, properties=['area', 'centroid', 'mean_intensity'])Pattern 3: Deep Learning Preprocessing Pipeline
import cupy as cp
from cucim.skimage.transform import resize
from cucim.skimage.exposure import equalize_adapthist
from cucim.skimage.util import img_as_float32
from cucim.core.operations.spatial import rand_image_flip
from cucim.core.operations.color import color_jitter
import torch
# Load batch of images to GPU
images_gpu = cp.asarray(numpy_batch) # (N, H, W, C)
# Process each image on GPU
processed = []
for img in images_gpu:
img = img_as_float32(img)
img = resize(img, (224, 224))
img = equalize_adapthist(img)
img = rand_image_flip(img, spatial_axis=(0, 1), prob=0.5)
img = cp.moveaxis(img, -1, 0) # HWC -> CHW for color_jitter
img = color_jitter(img, brightness=0.2, contrast=0.2)
img = cp.moveaxis(img, 0, -1)
processed.append(img)
batch_gpu = cp.stack(processed)
# Zero-copy to PyTorch for model inference
batch_torch = torch.from_dlpack(batch_gpu).permute(0, 3, 1, 2) # NHWC → NCHWRequirements and compatibility
Works with: Claude Code, Claude apps, OpenAI Codex, GitHub Copilot, Cursor, Gemini CLI, Kiro, OpenCode, Goose, Amp, Roo Code, JetBrains Junie, Factory Droid, Devin (ex-Windsurf), Mistral Vibe, OpenHands, Letta
“Works with” means the tool reads the open Agent Skills format; a skill written for one tool may use features others lack.
Needs: Needs network access, Needs Python
The author says: Requires an NVIDIA CUDA-capable GPU for GPU execution. RAPIDS 26.08 requires Python 3.11-3.14 on Linux or WSL2, NumPy 2, CuPy 14, and compatible CUDA 12 or 13 wheels. Package installation needs network access.
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- K-Dense, Inc.
- Publisher
- K-Dense (Community)
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- K-Dense-AI/scientific-agent-skills · skills/optimize-for-gpu · commit a25cf9e
- Licence
- MIT License (redistribution allowed)
- LICENSE (added by AutoGineer from LICENSE.md)
- ATTRIBUTION.md (written by AutoGineer)
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