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Clinical Trial Protocol Skill

AnthropicOfficialPublished by Anthropic

  • Skill
  • Workflow
  • Science and research
  • Apache-2.0
  • Low risk
  • Has scripts

From the author

Generate clinical trial protocols for medical devices or drugs. This skill should be used when users say "Create a clinical trial protocol", "Generate protocol for [device/drug]", "Help me design a clinical study", "Research similar trials for [intervention]", or when developing FDA submission documentation for investigational products.
— the description by Anthropic

AutoGineer summary

Written by AutoGineer from the skill’s own files, not by the author

This skill provides a structured, waypoint-based process to assist in the development of clinical trial protocols. It guides users through initializing an intervention, researching similar clinical trials via MCP tools, identifying relevant FDA regulatory pathways, and drafting protocol sections. The system uses a modular approach where each step is handled by a specific subskill, allowing for progress tracking and resumption of work.

What it does

  • Collects and stores intervention metadata for medical devices or drugs.
  • Searches clinical trial databases to identify similar studies and findings.
  • Identifies relevant FDA regulatory pathways and guidance documents.
  • Generates protocol sections covering foundation, design, population, and operations.
  • Calculates statistical sample sizes using integrated Python scripts.
  • Concatenates drafted sections into a final protocol document.

When to use it

  • When you need to design a clinical study for a medical device or drug.
  • When you are preparing documentation for FDA submissions.
  • When you need to research existing clinical trials for a specific intervention.
  • When you require a structured, step-by-step approach to drafting a clinical protocol.

Advantages

  • Modular architecture allows for pausing and resuming work at any stage.
  • Automated research using clinical trial databases and FDA resources.
  • Maintains consistent state through JSON and markdown waypoint files.
  • Supports the use of custom protocol templates.
  • Includes built-in statistical tools for sample size calculations.

Usage examples

“Create a clinical trial protocol for my new cardiac monitoring device.”
The skill initializes the intervention, guides you through regulatory research, and begins drafting the protocol sections.
“Research similar trials for a new diabetes drug.”
The skill performs a search for relevant clinical trials and FDA guidance, providing a summary report.

Install

  1. Download the skill as a ZIP:

    https://autogineer.com/agent-skills/anthropics/clinical-trial-protocol-skill/download
  2. Unzip it into the cross-client skills folder of your project:

    mkdir -p .agents/skills && unzip clinical-trial-protocol-skill.zip -d .agents/skills

Documentation by Anthropic

Clinical Trial Protocol Skill

⚠️ EXECUTION CONTROL - READ THIS FIRST

CRITICAL: This orchestrator follows a SIMPLE START approach:

  1. Display the welcome message FIRST (shown in "Startup: Welcome and Confirmation" section below)

  2. Ask user to confirm they're ready to proceed - Wait for confirmation (yes/no)

  3. Jump directly into Full Workflow Logic - Automatically run subskills sequentially

  4. Do NOT pre-read subskill files - Subskills are loaded on-demand only when their step executes

Why this matters:

  • Pre-reading all subskills wastes context and memory

  • Subskills should only load when actually needed during execution

  • Workflow automatically handles resuming from existing waypoints

Overview

This skill generates clinical trial protocols for medical devices or drugs using a modular, waypoint-based architecture

What This Skill Does

Starting with an intervention idea (device or drug), this orchestrated workflow offers two modes:

🔬 Research Only Mode (Steps 0-1): 0. Initialize Intervention - Collect device or drug information

  1. Research Similar Protocols - Find similar trials, FDA guidance, and published protocols

    • Deliverable: Comprehensive research summary as formatted .md artifact

📄 Full Protocol Mode (Steps 0-5): 0. Initialize Intervention - Collect device or drug information

  1. Research Similar Protocols - Find similar trials, FDA guidance, and published protocols

  2. Protocol Foundation - Generate protocol sections 1-6 (foundation, design, population)

  3. Protocol Intervention - Generate protocol sections 7-8 (intervention details)

  4. Protocol Operations - Generate protocol sections 9-12 (assessments, statistics, operations)

  5. Generate Protocol - Create professional file ready for stakeholder review

Architecture

Waypoint-Based Design

All analysis data is stored in waypoints/ directory as JSON/markdown files:

waypoints/
├── intervention_metadata.json           # Intervention info, status, initial context
├── 01_clinical_research_summary.json   # Similar trials, FDA guidance, recommendations
├── 02_protocol_foundation.md            # Protocol sections 1-6 (Step 2)
├── 03_protocol_intervention.md          # Protocol sections 7-8 (Step 3)
├── 04_protocol_operations.md            # Protocol sections 9-12 (Step 4)
├── 02_protocol_draft.md                 # Complete protocol (concatenated in Step 4)
├── 02_protocol_metadata.json            # Protocol metadata
└── 02_sample_size_calculation.json      # Statistical sample size calculation

Rich Initial Context Support: Users can provide substantial documentation, technical specifications, or research data when initializing the intervention (Step 0). This is preserved in intervention_metadata.json under the initial_context field. Later steps reference this context for more informed protocol development.

Modular Subskill Steps

Each step is an independent skill in references/ directory:

references/
├── 00-initialize-intervention.md    # Collect device or drug information
├── 01-research-protocols.md         # Clinical trials research and FDA guidance
├── 02-protocol-foundation.md        # Protocol sections 1-6 (foundation, design, population)
├── 03-protocol-intervention.md      # Protocol sections 7-8 (intervention details)
├── 04-protocol-operations.md        # Protocol sections 9-12 (assessments, statistics, operations)
└── 05-generate-document.md          # NIH Protocol generation
Utility Scripts
scripts/
├── sample_size_calculator.py        # Statistical power analysis
└── test_sample_size_calculator.py   # Unit tests for the calculator

Prerequisites

1. clinical trials MCP Server (Required)

Installation:

  • Install via drag-and-drop .mcpb file into Claude Desktop

  • Or configure manually in Claude Desktop settings

Available Tools: search_clinical_trials - Search by:

condition - Disease or condition (e.g., "pancreatic cancer") intervention - Drug, device, or treatment (e.g., "pembrolizumab", "CAR-T") sponsor - Sponsor or collaborator name (e.g., "Pfizer", "NIH") location - City, state, or country (e.g., "California", "Boston") status - "recruiting" (default), "active", "completed", "all" phase - Trial phase: "1", "2", "3", "4", "early_phase1" max_results - Default 25, max 100

get_trial_details - Get comprehensive details for a specific trial using its nct_id (e.g., "NCT04267848"). Returns eligibility criteria, outcomes, study design, and contact information.

Verification: Step 1 will automatically test MCP connectivity at startup.

2. FDA Database Access (Built-in)

Purpose: FDA regulatory pathway research via explicit database URLs

Sources:

  • Step 1: FDA device/drug databases (510(k), PMA, De Novo, Drugs@FDA, Orange Book, Purple Book)

  • All sources use direct FDA database URLs - no generic web searches

3. Clinical Protocol Template

Template Files: Any .md files in the assets/ directory

Purpose: Reference template for protocol structure and content guidance. The system automatically detects available templates and uses them dynamically.

4. Python Dependencies (Required for Step 2)

Installation:

pip install -r requirements.txt

Dependencies:

  • scipy >= 1.11.0 (statistical calculations)

  • numpy >= 1.24.0 (numerical operations)

Purpose: Statistical sample size calculations for clinical protocols

How to Use

Simply invoke the skill and select your desired mode:

🔬 Research Only Mode:

  1. Select "Research Only" from the main menu

  2. Provide intervention information

  3. Receive comprehensive research summary as formatted .md artifact

  4. Option to continue with full protocol generation or exit

📄 Full Protocol Mode:

  1. Select "Full Protocol" from the main menu

  2. Guide you through all steps sequentially (Steps 0-5)

  3. Pause after Step 4 to review the draft protocol

  4. Generate the final protocol document when ready

Resume Capability: If interrupted, simply restart the skill and it will automatically resume from your last completed step.

Execution Flow

Startup: Welcome and Mode Selection

When skill is invoked, display the following message:

🧬 CLINICAL TRIAL PROTOCOL

Welcome! This skill generates clinical trial protocols for medical devices or drugs.

[If waypoints/intervention_metadata.json exists:]
✓ Found existing protocol in progress: [Intervention Name]
  Type: [Device/Drug]
  Completed: [List of completed steps]
  Next: [Next step to execute]

📋 SELECT MODE:

1. 🔬 Research Only - Run clinical research analysis (Steps 0-1)
   • Collect intervention information
   • Research similar clinical trials
   • Find FDA guidance and regulatory pathways
   • Generate comprehensive research summary as .md artifact

2. 📄 Full Protocol - Generate complete clinical trial protocol (Steps 0-5)
   • Everything in Research Only, plus:
   • Generate all protocol sections
   • Create professional protocol document

3. ❌ Exit

Please select an option (1, 2, or 3):

🛑 STOP and WAIT for user selection (1, 2, or 3)

  • If 1 (Research Only): Set execution_mode = "research_only" and proceed to Research Only Workflow Logic

  • If 2 (Full Protocol): Set execution_mode = "full_protocol" and proceed to Full Workflow Logic

  • If 3 (Exit): Exit gracefully with "No problem! Restart the skill anytime to continue."


Research Only Workflow Logic

This workflow executes only Steps 0 and 1, then generates a formatted research summary artifact.

Step 1: Check for Existing Waypoints

  • If waypoints/intervention_metadata.json exists: Load metadata, check if steps 0 and 1 are already complete

  • If no metadata exists: Start from Step 0

Step 2: Execute Research Steps (0 and 1)

For each step (0, 1):

  1. Check completion status: If step already completed in metadata, skip with "✓ Step [X] already complete"

  2. Execute step:

    • Display "▶ Executing Step [X]..."

    • Read and follow the corresponding subskill file instructions

    • Wait for completion

    • Display "✓ Step [X] complete"

    • Step execution method (ON-DEMAND LOADING): When a step is ready to execute (NOT before), read the subskill markdown file and execute ALL instructions within it

    • Step-to-file mapping:

      • Step 0: references/00-initialize-intervention.md (collect intervention info)

      • Step 1: references/01-research-protocols.md (clinical research and FDA guidance)

  3. Handle errors: If step fails, ask user to retry or exit. Save current state for resume capability.

Step 3: Generate Research Summary Artifact

After Step 1 completes successfully:

  1. Read waypoint files:

    • waypoints/intervention_metadata.json (intervention details)

    • waypoints/01_clinical_research_summary.json (research findings)

  2. Create formatted markdown summary: Generate a comprehensive, well-formatted research summary as a markdown artifact with the following structure:

# Clinical Research Summary: [Intervention Name]

## Intervention Overview
- **Type:** [Device/Drug]
- **Indication:** [Target condition/disease]
- **Description:** [Brief intervention description]
- **Mechanism of Action:** [How it works]

## Similar Clinical Trials
[List top 5-10 similar trials with NCT ID, title, phase, status, key findings]

## FDA Regulatory Pathway
- **Recommended Pathway:** [510(k), PMA, De Novo, IND, NDA, BLA, etc.]
- **Regulatory Basis:** [Rationale for pathway selection]
- **Key Requirements:** [Major regulatory considerations]

## FDA Guidance Documents
[List relevant FDA guidance documents with links and key excerpts]

## Study Design Recommendations
- **Suggested Study Type:** [RCT, single-arm, etc.]
- **Phase Recommendation:** [Phase 1, 2, 3, etc.]
- **Primary Endpoint Suggestions:** [Based on similar trials]
- **Sample Size Considerations:** [Preliminary thoughts]

## Key Insights and Recommendations
[Synthesized recommendations for protocol development]

## Next Steps
[If user wants to proceed with full protocol development]

---
*Generated by Clinical Trial Protocol Skill*
*Date: [Current date]*
  1. Save artifact: Write the formatted summary to waypoints/research_summary.md

  2. Display completion message:

✅ RESEARCH COMPLETE

Research Summary Generated: waypoints/research_summary.md

📊 Key Findings:
  • Similar Trials Found: [X trials]
  • Recommended Pathway: [Pathway name]
  • FDA Guidance Documents: [X documents identified]
  • Study Design: [Recommended design]

📄 The research summary has been saved as a formatted markdown artifact.

Would you like to:
1. Continue with full protocol generation (steps 2-5)
2. Exit and review research summary

Option 1 Logic (Continue to Full Protocol):

  • Set execution_mode = "full_protocol"

  • Continue to Full Workflow Logic starting from Step 2 (since 0 and 1 are complete)

Option 2 Logic (Exit):

  • Display: "✓ Research summary saved. Restart the skill anytime to continue with protocol generation."

  • Exit orchestrator gracefully


Full Workflow Logic

Step 1: Check for Existing Waypoints

  • If waypoints/intervention_metadata.json exists: Load metadata, check completed_steps array, resume from next incomplete step

  • If no metadata exists: Start from Step 0

Step 2: Execute Steps in Order

For each step (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5):

  1. Check completion status: If step already completed in metadata, skip with "✓ Step [X] already complete"

  2. Execute step: Display "▶ Executing Step [X]...", read and follow the corresponding subskill file instructions, wait for completion, display "✓ Step [X] complete"

    • Step execution method (ON-DEMAND LOADING): When a step is ready to execute (NOT before), read the subskill markdown file and execute ALL instructions within it

    • IMPORTANT: Do NOT read subskill files in advance. Only read them at the moment of execution.

    • Step-to-file mapping:

      • Step 0: references/00-initialize-intervention.md (read when Step 0 executes)

      • Step 1: references/01-research-protocols.md (read when Step 1 executes)

      • Step 2: references/02-protocol-foundation.md (read when Step 2 executes - sections 1-6)

      • Step 3: references/03-protocol-intervention.md (read when Step 3 executes - sections 7-8)

      • Step 4: references/04-protocol-operations.md (read when Step 4 executes - sections 9-12)

      • Step 5: references/05-concatenate-protocol.md (read when Step 5 executes - final concatenation)

  3. Handle errors: If step fails, ask user to retry or exit. Save current state for resume capability.

  4. Display progress: "Progress: [X/6] steps complete", show estimated remaining time

  5. Step 4 Completion Pause: After Step 4 completes, pause and display the Protocol Completion Menu (see below). Wait for user selection before proceeding.

Step 2.5: Protocol Completion Menu

After Step 4 completes successfully, display the EXACT menu below (do not improvise or create alternative options):

✅ PROTOCOL COMPLETE: Protocol Draft Generated

Protocol Details:
  • Study Design: [Design from metadata]
  • Sample Size: [N subjects from metadata]
  • Primary Endpoint: [Endpoint from metadata]
  • Study Duration: [Duration from metadata]

Protocol file: waypoints/02_protocol_draft.md
File size: [Size in KB]

📋 WHAT WOULD YOU LIKE TO DO NEXT?

1. 📄 Review Protocol in Artifact - click on the .md file above

2. 📄 Concatenate Final Protocol (Step 5)

3. ⏸️  Exit and Review Later

Option 1 Logic (Review in Artifact): Pause, let user open the section files, wait for further instruction

Option 2 Logic (Concatenate Protocol):

  1. Execute Step 5 by reading and following references/05-concatenate-protocol.md

  2. Step 5 will concatenate all section files into final protocol document

  3. Continue to Step 3 (Final Summary) after Step 5 completes

Option 3 Logic (Exit):

  1. Display: "✓ Protocol sections saved. You can resume with Step 5 anytime to concatenate."

  2. Exit orchestrator gracefully

Step 3: Final Summary

Display completion message with:

  • Intervention name, type (device/drug), indication

  • Protocol details (design, sample size, endpoints, duration)

  • All completed steps list

  • Final deliverable: Complete protocol markdown file location (waypoints/protocol_complete.md)

  • Waypoint files list for reference

  • Important disclaimers (FDA Pre-Sub, biostatistician review, IRB approval required)

  • Thank you message

Technical Details

Waypoint File Formats

JSON Waypoints (Steps 0, 1):

  • Structured data for programmatic access

  • Small file sizes (1-15KB)

  • Easy to parse and reference

Markdown Waypoints (Steps 2, 3, 4):

  • Step 2: 02_protocol_foundation.md (Sections 1-6)

  • Step 3: 03_protocol_intervention.md (Sections 7-8)

  • Step 4: 04_protocol_operations.md (Sections 9-12)

  • Step 4: 02_protocol_draft.md (concatenated complete protocol)

  • Human-readable protocol documents

  • Can be directly edited by users

  • Individual section files preserved for easier regeneration

Data Minimization Strategy

Each step implements aggressive summarization:

  • Keep: Top-N results (5-10 max)

  • Keep: Key facts and IDs (NCT numbers, endpoint types)

  • Keep: Concise rationale (2-3 sentences)

  • Discard: Raw MCP query results (not needed after analysis)

  • Discard: Full FDA guidance text (only excerpts/citations kept)

  • Discard: Lower-ranked search results

Step Independence

Each subskill is designed to:

  • Read only from waypoint files (not conversation history)

  • Produce complete output in single execution

  • Not depend on conversation context from previous steps

  • Be runnable standalone

Error Handling

MCP Server Unavailable
  • Detected in: Step 1

  • Action: Display error with installation instructions

  • Allow user to retry after installing MCP server

  • No fallback available - MCP server is required for protocol research

Step Fails or Returns Error
  • Action: Display error message from subskill

  • Ask user: "Retry step? (Yes/No)"

    • Yes: Re-run step

    • No: Save current state, exit orchestrator

User Interruption
  • All progress saved in waypoint files

  • User can resume anytime by restarting the skill

  • Workflow automatically detects completed steps and resumes from next step

  • No data loss

Disclaimers

⚠️ IMPORTANT: This protocol generation tool provides preliminary clinical study protocol based on NIH/FDA guidelines and similar trials. It does NOT constitute:

  • Official FDA or IRB determination or approval

  • Medical, legal, or regulatory advice

  • Substitute for professional biostatistician review

  • Substitute for FDA Pre-Submission meeting

  • Guarantee of regulatory or clinical success

REQUIRED before proceeding with clinical study:

  • Biostatistician review and sample size validation

  • FDA Pre-Submission meeting (Q-Submission for devices, Pre-IND for drugs)

  • IRB review and approval

  • Clinical expert and regulatory consultant engagement

  • Legal review of protocol and informed consent

  • Site investigator review and input

  • Sponsor completion of all [TBD] items in protocol

PROFESSIONAL CONSULTATION STRONGLY RECOMMENDED

Clinical trial protocols are complex, high-stakes documents requiring expertise across multiple disciplines. Professional consultation with clinical trial experts, biostatisticians, and regulatory affairs specialists is essential before proceeding with clinical study planning.

Implementation Requirements

When this skill is invoked:

  1. Display the welcome message with mode selection (shown in "Startup: Welcome and Mode Selection" section)

  2. Wait for user mode selection (1: Research Only, 2: Full Protocol, 3: Exit)

  3. Execute based on selected mode:

    • Research Only Mode (Option 1):

      • Execute Research Only Workflow Logic (Steps 0-1 only)

      • Generate formatted research summary as .md artifact

      • Offer option to continue with full protocol or exit

    • Full Protocol Mode (Option 2):

      • Execute Full Workflow Logic (Steps 0-5)

      • Check for existing waypoints and resume from last completed step

      • OR start from Step 0 if no waypoints exist

      • Execute all steps sequentially until complete

  4. For each step execution (LAZY LOADING - On-Demand Only):

    • ONLY when a step is ready to execute, read the corresponding subskill file

    • Do NOT read subskill files in advance or "to prepare"

    • Example: When Step 1 needs to run, THEN read references/01-research-protocols.md and follow its instructions

    • For protocol development: Execute Steps 2, 3, 4 sequentially in order

    • Do NOT try to execute multiple steps in parallel - run sequentially

    • Read each step's subskill file only when that specific step is about to execute

  5. Research summary artifact generation (Research Only Mode):

    • After Step 1 completes, read waypoint files

    • Generate comprehensive, well-formatted markdown summary

    • Save to waypoints/research_summary.md

    • Display completion message with key findings

  6. Handle errors gracefully:

    • If a step fails, give user option to retry or exit

    • If MCP server unavailable, explain how to install

    • All progress is saved automatically in waypoints

  7. Track progress:

    • Update waypoints/intervention_metadata.json after each step

    • Show progress indicators to user (e.g., "Progress: 3/6 steps complete" or "Progress: 2/2 research steps complete")

    • Provide clear feedback on what's happening

  8. Final output:

    • Research Only: Display research summary location and offer to continue with full protocol

    • Full Protocol: Congratulate user, display protocol location and next steps

    • Remind user of disclaimers

Files

references/01-research-protocols.md

Step 1: Research Similar Clinical Protocols and Evidence

Purpose

Research similar clinical trials, FDA guidance documents, and published protocols to inform clinical protocol development.

Prerequisites

Required Files: waypoints/intervention_metadata.json Required Tools: ClinicalTrials.gov MCP Server

Status Reporting Protocol

Always inform the user when performing regulatory research actions:

ActionFormat
Database Query🔍 Searching [DATABASE] for [terms]...
Document Review📄 Reviewing [TYPE]: [name/number]...
Regulation Lookup📋 Checking [CFR REF] for [purpose]...
Results Found✓ Found [N] results: [summary]
No Results⚠️ No direct matches. Expanding search to [alternative]...

Example grouped output:

**Regulatory Database Research**
🔍 Searching Product Classification Database...
✓ Found: Product Code "GEX", Class II, 21 CFR 876.1500
🔍 Searching 510(k) Database for predicates...
✓ Found 12 cleared devices (filtering to top 5)
📄 Reviewing K201234 summary...

Execution Flow

Step 1: Load Intervention Metadata

Read waypoints/intervention_metadata.json for: intervention name, type (device/drug/biologics), description, indication, target population, initial context, discovery clarifications.


Step 2: Device-Specific Regulatory Research

ONLY if intervention_type is "device".

Reporting: Inform the user when querying databases or reviewing documents.

<details open> <summary><b>FDA Device Regulations & Databases</b></summary>

CategoryResourceUse WhenLink
ClassificationProduct Classification DatabaseDetermining device class/codehttps://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfPCD/classification.cfm
21 CFR 860Understanding classification criteriahttps://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=860
510(k) Pathway510(k) DatabaseSearching for predicate deviceshttps://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpmn/pmn.cfm
21 CFR 807 Subpart EUnderstanding 510(k) requirementshttps://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/premarket-submissions-selecting-and-preparing-correct-submission/premarket-notification-510k
De Novo PathwayDe Novo DatabaseFinding novel device precedentshttps://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpmn/denovo.cfm
21 CFR 860.260Understanding De Novo processhttps://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/premarket-submissions-selecting-and-preparing-correct-submission/de-novo-classification-request
PMA PathwayPMA DatabaseResearching Class III approvalshttps://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpma/pma.cfm
21 CFR 814Understanding PMA requirementshttps://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/premarket-submissions-selecting-and-preparing-correct-submission/premarket-approval-pma
IDE/Clinical21 CFR 812Determining SR/NSR statushttps://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=812
Clinical Trials OverviewTrial design guidancehttps://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/device-advice-comprehensive-regulatory-assistance/clinical-trials-and-human-subject-protection
OtherGUDIDDevice identifiershttps://accessgudid.nlm.nih.gov/
21 CFR 820 (QSR)Quality system requirementshttps://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=820
21 CFR 800-1299General device regulationshttps://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm

</details>

Device Research Workflow
Step 2A.1: Device Classification

Query Product Classification Database for [device type from metadata].

Extract:

  • Device Class: I, II, or III

  • Product Code: (e.g., "GEX")

  • CFR Regulation: 21 CFR XXX.XXXX

  • Special Controls: (if Class II)

  • Device Name: Official classification name

Step 2A.2: Pathway Decision

IF Class III (high-risk): → Execute PMA Research Track (Step 2A.3a)

IF Class II (moderate-risk): → Execute 510(k) Research Track (Step 2A.3b) → IF no predicates found → Consider De Novo Track (Step 2A.3c)

IF Class I: → Check exemption status → IF exempt → Proceed to Step 3 (FDA Guidance Search) → IF not exempt → Execute 510(k) Research Track (Step 2A.3b)

Step 2A.3a: PMA Research Track (Class III Only)

Query PMA Database for [device type].

Extract from 3-5 approved PMAs:

  • PMA Number, Device Name, Manufacturer

  • Approval Date (prioritize recent approvals)

  • Clinical Trial Design: RCT, single-arm, sample size

  • Primary Endpoint & success criteria

  • Pivotal Study Requirements: Number of trials, duration

  • Post-approval Conditions: (if any)

Step 2A.3b: 510(k) Research Track (Class I/II with Predicates)

Query 510(k) Database for [device type].

Extract from 3-5 recent predicates (prioritize last 5-10 years, similar indication):

  • K-Number, Device Name, Manufacturer

  • Clearance Date

  • Indications for Use

  • Technological Characteristics: Design, materials, mechanism

  • Clinical Data: Required? Type? Sample size?

  • Testing Performed: Bench, animal, human studies?

Step 2A.3c: De Novo Research Track (Novel Device)

Query De Novo Database for [device type or similar mechanism].

Extract from relevant De Novo grants:

  • DEN Number, Device Name

  • Classification Decision: Class I or II determination

  • Special Controls Imposed: (if Class II)

  • Clinical Evidence Required: Study designs, sample sizes

  • Rationale: Why low-moderate risk determination made

Step 2A.4: IDE Risk Determination (All Pathways)

Assess Significant Risk (SR) vs Non-Significant Risk (NSR) per 21 CFR 812.3(m):

FactorEvaluation QuestionSR Signal
Implanted?Permanent, >30 days, or invasive implant?Yes → SR
Life Support?Sustains or supports life?Yes → SR
Critical Diagnostic?Substantial importance to diagnosis/treatment?Yes → SR
Failure Risk?Serious injury or death possible from failure?Yes → SR
Precedent?Similar devices classified as SR/NSR?Match precedent

Determination:

  • SR (Significant Risk) → Requires FDA IDE approval + IRB approval

  • NSR (Non-Significant Risk) → IRB approval only

Document: Rationale with specific 21 CFR 812.3(m) criteria cited and precedent analysis.


Step 2.2: Drug/Biologics-Specific Regulatory Research

ONLY if intervention_type is "drug" or "biologics".

Reporting: Inform the user when querying databases or reviewing documents.

<details open> <summary><b>FDA Drug/Biologics Regulations & Databases</b></summary>

CategoryResourceUse WhenLink
IND Process21 CFR 312IND requirements & regulationshttps://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRsearch.cfm?CFRPart=312
IND OverviewUnderstanding IND processhttps://www.fda.gov/drugs/types-applications/investigational-new-drug-ind-application
IND Content/FormatPreparing IND submissionhttps://www.fda.gov/media/71203/download
IND Safety ReportingSafety reporting requirementshttps://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/safety-reporting-requirements-inds-investigational-new-drug-applications-and-babe
Sponsor-Investigator INDAcademic/investigator INDshttps://www.fda.gov/files/drugs/published/Investigational-New-Drug-Applications-Prepared-and-Submitted-by-Sponsor-Investigators.pdf
When IND RequiredDetermining IND necessityhttps://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/investigational-new-drug-applications-inds-determining-whether-human-research-studies-can-be
NDA Pathway21 CFR 314NDA regulationshttps://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=314
NDA OverviewUnderstanding NDA processhttps://www.fda.gov/drugs/types-applications/new-drug-application-nda
ANDA PathwayANDA Format GuidancePreparing generic applicationshttps://www.fda.gov/files/drugs/published/ANDA-Submissions-%E2%80%94-Content-and-Format-of-Abbreviated-New-Drug-Applications.pdf
Orange BookFinding RLD for genericshttps://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/ob/
505(b)(2) Pathway505(b)(2) GuidanceUnderstanding 505(b)(2) pathwayhttps://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/applications-covered-section-505b2
505(b)(2) vs ANDAPathway selection guidancehttps://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/determining-whether-submit-anda-or-505b2-application
505(b)(2) OverviewDetailed pathway overviewhttps://www.fda.gov/media/156350/download
BLA Pathway21 CFR 601BLA regulationshttps://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=601
BLA OverviewUnderstanding BLA processhttps://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/development-approval-process-cber/biologics-license-applications-bla-process-cber
CBER INDsBiologics IND guidancehttps://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/development-approval-process-cber/investigational-new-drug-applications-inds-cber-regulated-products
Purple BookBiologics & biosimilarshttps://purplebooksearch.fda.gov/
DatabasesDrugs@FDAApproved drugs, labels, reviewshttps://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/
NDC DirectoryDrug codeshttps://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/ndc/
SubmissioneCTD FormatElectronic submission standardshttps://www.fda.gov/drugs/electronic-regulatory-submission-and-review/electronic-common-technical-document-ectd
CTD OrganizationCTD structure guidancehttps://www.fda.gov/media/71666/download
Manufacturing21 CFR 210-211 (cGMP)Manufacturing requirementshttps://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=211

</details>

Drug/Biologics Research Workflow
Step 2B.1: Drug Classification Assessment

Query Drugs@FDA and Orange Book for [drug name from metadata].

Determine:

  • Novelty: NCE (new chemical entity) vs previously approved moiety

  • Regulatory Status:

    • OTC vs Rx (21 CFR 330-358)

    • Controlled substance? (21 CFR 1308, Schedule I-V)

  • Product Type: Small molecule, biologic, biosimilar

Step 2B.2: Pathway Decision

IF Generic of approved drug: → Execute ANDA Research Track (Step 2B.3a)

IF Modified approved product (new dose/route/indication/formulation): → Execute 505(b)(2) Research Track (Step 2B.3b)

IF New Chemical Entity: → Execute NDA Research Track (Step 2B.3c)

IF Biologic: → Execute BLA Research Track (Step 2B.3d)

Step 2B.3a: ANDA Research Track (Generic Drug)

Query Orange Book for Reference Listed Drug (RLD).

Extract:

  • NDA Number, Drug Name

  • Active Ingredient(s): Name, strength

  • Dosage Form & Route: (e.g., tablet, oral)

  • Patent Information: Numbers, expiration dates

  • Exclusivity Expiration: Date when generic can be approved

  • TE Code: Therapeutic equivalence rating

Clinical Data Required: Bioequivalence (BE) studies only

  • Single-dose pharmacokinetic study

  • Steady-state PK study (if applicable)

  • No efficacy or safety trials needed (relies on RLD data)

Step 2B.3b: 505(b)(2) Research Track (Modified Product)

Query Drugs@FDA for similar approved products.

Extract from similar approvals:

  • Approval history for condition/indication

  • Changes from reference product that required new data

  • Bridging study designs used in precedent 505(b)(2) applications

  • Prior 505(b)(2) approvals for this type of modification

Clinical Data Required: Varies based on change

  • May leverage RLD safety/efficacy data for some aspects

  • Typically requires 1 pivotal trial + bridging studies

  • Examples: BA/BE studies, dose-ranging, PK in new population

Step 2B.3c: NDA Research Track (New Chemical Entity)

Query Drugs@FDA and ClinicalTrials.gov for condition/MOA precedents.

Extract from approved trials:

  • Phase 1/2/3 study designs for similar indications

  • Safety database size requirements (typically 1500+ patients for chronic use)

  • Number of pivotal trials required (typically 2 adequate & well-controlled Phase 3 trials)

  • Common primary/secondary endpoints for indication

  • Special population studies (pediatric, geriatric, renal/hepatic impairment)

Step 2B.3d: BLA Research Track (Biologics)

Query Purple Book and CBER guidance for biologic class.

Extract from approved biologics:

  • Similar biologics in therapeutic class

  • Immunogenicity assessment approaches used

  • Manufacturing/CMC complexity considerations

  • Biosimilar development pathways (if reference product exists)

Clinical Data Required: Similar to NDA

  • Potency assays critical for biologics

  • Immunogenicity monitoring throughout development

  • Manufacturing consistency demonstration

  • May require post-market safety studies (REMS)

Step 2B.4: IND Requirements (All Pathways)

Key Difference from Devices: IND required for ALL investigational drugs/biologics

  • No "NSR exemption" equivalent (unlike device IDE NSR)

  • Must submit IND before initiating Phase 1 clinical trials

  • 30-day FDA review period before study start

Assess Clinical Hold Risk Factors per 21 CFR 312.42:

Risk FactorEvaluation QuestionHold Risk
Novel MOA?Limited precedent for mechanism?High if yes
Safety Signals?Preclinical toxicology concerns?High if unresolved
Tox Data?Adequate animal studies for proposed dose/duration?High if inadequate
CMC Concerns?Manufacturing, stability, or quality issues?High if present
High-Risk Population?Vulnerable, pediatric, or critically ill patients?Moderate-High
Study Design?Unsafe dose escalation or inadequate monitoring?High if unsafe

Document:

  • IND submission strategy (Type A/B/C meeting needs)

  • Clinical hold risk mitigation plan

  • Relevant CFR citations (21 CFR 312 for IND)

  • ICH guideline compliance (E6-GCP, E9-Statistics, E10-Control Group)


Step 3: Search ClinicalTrials.gov for Similar Trials

Reporting: Inform the user when searching ClinicalTrials.gov and reviewing trial details.

Use ClinicalTrials.gov MCP Server:

ToolParameters
search_clinical_trialscondition, intervention, sponsor, location, status ("recruiting"/"active"/"completed"/"all"), phase ("1"/"2"/"3"/"4"), max_results (default 25, max 100)
get_trial_detailsnct_id (e.g., "NCT04267848") → eligibility, outcomes, design, contacts

Extract: Study design (RCT, single-arm, crossover), phase, sample size, primary/secondary endpoints, duration, inclusion/exclusion criteria, comparator, status/results.


Step 4: Search for Published Protocols

Reporting: Inform the user when searching for published protocols.

CONSTRAINT: Use ONLY ClinicalTrials.gov MCP Server - Do not perform generic web searches.

Primary Source: ClinicalTrials.gov MCP Server (see Step 3 for MCP tool usage)

  • Use get_trial_details to retrieve protocol documents for relevant NCT IDs

  • Extract protocol PDFs when available through MCP interface

Extract: Protocol structure, endpoint definitions, inclusion/exclusion structure, statistical analysis plans, visit schedules, safety monitoring.


Step 5: Analyze and Summarize Findings

Synthesize into actionable insights:

CategoryWhat to Summarize
Study DesignMost common design, comparators, blinding, phases
EndpointsPrimary/secondary endpoints, measurement methods, timing
Sample SizeRange by phase/study type, powering considerations
DurationTreatment period, follow-up, total duration
PopulationCommon inclusion/exclusion, age ranges, disease severity

Step 6: Write Research Summary Waypoint

Create waypoints/01_clinical_research_summary.json with all findings.

Data Retention:

  • Keep: Top 5-10 similar trials (structured summary), key FDA regulatory pathway info from Step 2, design/endpoint recommendations

  • Discard: Full trial details beyond summary


Step 7: Display Summary
  1. Create an artifact displaying Step 7 summary format (see below)

Display concise summary to user:

  • Steps taken and key findings

  • Regulatory pathway determination (from Step 2)

  • Clinical trial search results

  • Next steps for protocol development

  1. STOP and ask the user: "Would you like me to proceed with the research step?"

  2. Only continue to Step 2 if the user confirms


Output Files

FileSizeContent
waypoints/01_clinical_research_summary.json~10-15KBResearch findings
waypoints/intervention_metadata.jsonUpdatedWith regulatory info

Quality Checks

All Interventions
  • [ ] At least 3-5 similar trials identified

  • [ ] Study designs appropriate for intervention type

  • [ ] Primary endpoint recommendations clear

  • [ ] Sample size considerations provided

  • [ ] FDA guidance relevant to intervention/indication

  • [ ] Duration recommendations realistic

  • [ ] Population criteria specific enough

Devices Only
  • [ ] Device classification (Class I/II/III)

  • [ ] Product code found

  • [ ] Regulatory pathway (510(k)/De Novo/PMA/Exempt)

  • [ ] Predicates identified (3-5 for 510(k)) OR De Novo/PMA precedents

  • [ ] Special Controls (if Class II)

  • [ ] IDE risk determination (SR/NSR) with rationale

  • [ ] Clinical data requirements understood

Drugs/Biologics Only
  • [ ] Classification (OTC/Rx, controlled schedule, NCE status)

  • [ ] Regulatory pathway (NDA/ANDA/505(b)(2)/BLA)

  • [ ] CFR references documented

  • [ ] Reference drug identified (ANDA/505(b)(2): Orange Book; BLA: Purple Book)

  • [ ] Clinical data requirements for pathway

  • [ ] IND requirements and clinical hold risks

  • [ ] ICH guideline requirements (E6, E9, E10)

  • [ ] Special population needs (pediatric, geriatric)

  • [ ] Manufacturing/CMC considerations (biologics)


Notes for Claude

  • Be thorough — protocol quality depends on good research

  • Always report status — user should see database queries and document reviews in real-time

  • Devices: Predicate devices are critical; classification determines pathway and requirements

  • Drugs/Biologics: Pathway determines everything; IND required for ALL (no NSR exemption); Orange Book and Purple Book are essential

  • NCE status affects exclusivity and data requirements

  • ICH guidelines are mandatory for protocol design

Requirements and compatibility

Written for: Claude Code, Claude apps

Works with: Claude Code, Claude apps, OpenAI Codex, GitHub Copilot, Cursor, Gemini CLI, Kiro, OpenCode, Goose, Amp, Roo Code, JetBrains Junie, Factory Droid, Devin (ex-Windsurf), Mistral Vibe, OpenHands, Letta

“Works with” means the tool reads the open Agent Skills format; a skill written for one tool may use features others lack.

Needs: Needs an MCP server, Needs Python

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Attribution and licence

Published by
Anthropic
Publisher
Anthropic (Official)
Source
anthropics/life-sciences · clinical-trial-protocol-skill · commit 0d38fe5
Licence
Apache License 2.0 (redistribution allowed)
  • ATTRIBUTION.md (written by AutoGineer)
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