Azure Postgres TS

MicrosoftOfficialCreated by Microsoft

Skill
Tool integration
Software development
MIT
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From the author

Connect to Azure Database for PostgreSQL Flexible Server from Node.js/TypeScript using the pg (node-postgres) package. Use for PostgreSQL queries, connection pooling, transactions, and Microsoft Entra ID (passwordless) authentication. Triggers: "PostgreSQL", "postgres", "pg client", "node-postgres", "Azure PostgreSQL connection", "PostgreSQL TypeScript", "pg Pool", "passwordless postgres".

— the description by Microsoft

AutoGineer summary

Written by AutoGineer from the skill’s own files, not by the author

This skill provides guidance and code patterns for connecting Node.js and TypeScript applications to Azure Database for PostgreSQL Flexible Server. It covers standard password-based authentication as well as passwordless authentication using Microsoft Entra ID. The content includes implementation details for connection pooling, parameterized queries to prevent SQL injection, transaction management, and handling token refreshes for long-running applications.

What it does

Demonstrates how to establish connections using the pg library
Provides patterns for Microsoft Entra ID passwordless authentication
Shows how to implement connection pooling for efficient resource management
Explains how to execute parameterized queries to mitigate SQL injection risks
Offers templates for managing database transactions
Includes examples for handling PostgreSQL-specific errors and connection events

When to use it

When building Node.js or TypeScript applications that interact with Azure PostgreSQL
When implementing secure, passwordless database access using Managed Identities
When setting up robust connection management and transaction logic
When needing to integrate PostgreSQL with Azure-specific security requirements

Advantages

Supports secure passwordless authentication via Microsoft Entra ID
Provides structured patterns for connection pooling and lifecycle management
Includes TypeScript-specific examples for type-safe query results
Offers clear guidance on Azure-specific SSL requirements and configuration

Usage examples

“How do I connect to Azure PostgreSQL using a managed identity in TypeScript?”: The skill provides a code example using DefaultAzureCredential to acquire an access token, which is then passed as the password to the pg client configuration.
“Show me how to use a connection pool for my PostgreSQL queries.”: The skill provides a Pool configuration example, demonstrating how to set connection limits and use the pool to execute queries safely.
“How can I perform a transaction in my Node.js app using pg?”: The skill provides a code pattern using BEGIN, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK commands within a try-catch block to ensure atomic operations.
“How do I handle token expiration when using Entra ID with PostgreSQL?”: The skill provides a custom class implementation that checks token expiry and refreshes the connection pool automatically.

Install

Download the skill as a ZIP:
https://autogineer.com/agent-skills/microsoft/azure-postgres-ts/download

Unzip it into the cross-client skills folder of your project:

mkdir -p .agents/skills && unzip azure-postgres-ts.zip -d .agents/skills

Documentation by Microsoft

Azure PostgreSQL for TypeScript (node-postgres)

Connect to Azure Database for PostgreSQL Flexible Server using the pg (node-postgres) package with support for password and Microsoft Entra ID (passwordless) authentication.

Installation

npm install pg @azure/identity
npm install -D @types/pg

Environment Variables

# Required
AZURE_POSTGRESQL_HOST=<server>.postgres.database.azure.com
AZURE_POSTGRESQL_DATABASE=<database>
AZURE_POSTGRESQL_PORT=5432

# For password authentication
AZURE_POSTGRESQL_USER=<username>
AZURE_POSTGRESQL_PASSWORD=<password>

# For Entra ID authentication
AZURE_POSTGRESQL_USER=<entra-user>@<server>   # e.g., [email protected]
AZURE_POSTGRESQL_CLIENTID=<managed-identity-client-id>  # For user-assigned identity
AZURE_TOKEN_CREDENTIALS=prod # Required only if DefaultAzureCredential is used in production

Authentication

Option 1: Password Authentication

import { Client, Pool } from "pg";

const client = new Client({
  host: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_HOST,
  database: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_DATABASE,
  user: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_USER,
  password: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_PASSWORD,
  port: Number(process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_PORT) || 5432,
  ssl: { rejectUnauthorized: true }  // Required for Azure
});

await client.connect();

Option 2: Microsoft Entra ID (Passwordless) - Recommended

import { Client, Pool } from "pg";
import { DefaultAzureCredential, ManagedIdentityCredential } from "@azure/identity";

// Local dev: DefaultAzureCredential. Production: set AZURE_TOKEN_CREDENTIALS=prod or AZURE_TOKEN_CREDENTIALS=<specific_credential>
const credential = new DefaultAzureCredential({requiredEnvVars: ["AZURE_TOKEN_CREDENTIALS"]});
// Or use a specific credential directly in production:
// See https://learn.microsoft.com/javascript/api/overview/azure/identity-readme?view=azure-node-latest#credential-classes
// const credential = new ManagedIdentityCredential();

// For user-assigned managed identity
// const credential = new DefaultAzureCredential({
//   managedIdentityClientId: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_CLIENTID
// });

// Acquire access token for Azure PostgreSQL
const tokenResponse = await credential.getToken(
  "https://ossrdbms-aad.database.windows.net/.default"
);

const client = new Client({
  host: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_HOST,
  database: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_DATABASE,
  user: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_USER,  // Entra ID user
  password: tokenResponse.token,             // Token as password
  port: Number(process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_PORT) || 5432,
  ssl: { rejectUnauthorized: true }
});

await client.connect();

Core Workflows

1. Single Client Connection

import { Client } from "pg";

const client = new Client({
  host: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_HOST,
  database: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_DATABASE,
  user: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_USER,
  password: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_PASSWORD,
  port: 5432,
  ssl: { rejectUnauthorized: true }
});

try {
  await client.connect();
  
  const result = await client.query("SELECT NOW() as current_time");
  console.log(result.rows[0].current_time);
} finally {
  await client.end();  // Always close connection
}

2. Connection Pool (Recommended for Production)

import { Pool } from "pg";

const pool = new Pool({
  host: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_HOST,
  database: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_DATABASE,
  user: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_USER,
  password: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_PASSWORD,
  port: 5432,
  ssl: { rejectUnauthorized: true },
  
  // Pool configuration
  max: 20,                    // Maximum connections in pool
  idleTimeoutMillis: 30000,   // Close idle connections after 30s
  connectionTimeoutMillis: 10000  // Timeout for new connections
});

// Query using pool (automatically acquires and releases connection)
const result = await pool.query("SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = $1", [userId]);

// Explicit checkout for multiple queries
const client = await pool.connect();
try {
  const res1 = await client.query("SELECT * FROM users");
  const res2 = await client.query("SELECT * FROM orders");
} finally {
  client.release();  // Return connection to pool
}

// Cleanup on shutdown
await pool.end();

3. Parameterized Queries (Prevent SQL Injection)

// ALWAYS use parameterized queries - never concatenate user input
const userId = 123;
const email = "[email protected]";

// Single parameter
const result = await pool.query(
  "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = $1",
  [userId]
);

// Multiple parameters
const result = await pool.query(
  "INSERT INTO users (email, name, created_at) VALUES ($1, $2, NOW()) RETURNING *",
  [email, "John Doe"]
);

// Array parameter
const ids = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
const result = await pool.query(
  "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ANY($1::int[])",
  [ids]
);

4. Transactions

const client = await pool.connect();

try {
  await client.query("BEGIN");
  
  const userResult = await client.query(
    "INSERT INTO users (email) VALUES ($1) RETURNING id",
    ["[email protected]"]
  );
  const userId = userResult.rows[0].id;
  
  await client.query(
    "INSERT INTO orders (user_id, total) VALUES ($1, $2)",
    [userId, 99.99]
  );
  
  await client.query("COMMIT");
} catch (error) {
  await client.query("ROLLBACK");
  throw error;
} finally {
  client.release();
}

5. Transaction Helper Function

async function withTransaction<T>(
  pool: Pool,
  fn: (client: PoolClient) => Promise<T>
): Promise<T> {
  const client = await pool.connect();
  try {
    await client.query("BEGIN");
    const result = await fn(client);
    await client.query("COMMIT");
    return result;
  } catch (error) {
    await client.query("ROLLBACK");
    throw error;
  } finally {
    client.release();
  }
}

// Usage
const order = await withTransaction(pool, async (client) => {
  const user = await client.query(
    "INSERT INTO users (email) VALUES ($1) RETURNING *",
    ["[email protected]"]
  );
  const order = await client.query(
    "INSERT INTO orders (user_id, total) VALUES ($1, $2) RETURNING *",
    [user.rows[0].id, 99.99]
  );
  return order.rows[0];
});

6. Typed Queries with TypeScript

import { Pool, QueryResult } from "pg";

interface User {
  id: number;
  email: string;
  name: string;
  created_at: Date;
}

// Type the query result
const result: QueryResult<User> = await pool.query<User>(
  "SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = $1",
  [userId]
);

const user: User | undefined = result.rows[0];

// Type-safe insert
async function createUser(
  pool: Pool,
  email: string,
  name: string
): Promise<User> {
  const result = await pool.query<User>(
    "INSERT INTO users (email, name) VALUES ($1, $2) RETURNING *",
    [email, name]
  );
  return result.rows[0];
}

Pool with Entra ID Token Refresh

For long-running applications, tokens expire and need refresh:

import { Pool, PoolConfig } from "pg";
import { DefaultAzureCredential, AccessToken } from "@azure/identity";

class AzurePostgresPool {
  private pool: Pool | null = null;
  private credential: DefaultAzureCredential;
  private tokenExpiry: Date | null = null;
  private config: Omit<PoolConfig, "password">;

  constructor(config: Omit<PoolConfig, "password">) {
    this.credential = new DefaultAzureCredential({requiredEnvVars: ["AZURE_TOKEN_CREDENTIALS"]});
    this.config = config;
  }

  private async getToken(): Promise<string> {
    const tokenResponse = await this.credential.getToken(
      "https://ossrdbms-aad.database.windows.net/.default"
    );
    this.tokenExpiry = new Date(tokenResponse.expiresOnTimestamp);
    return tokenResponse.token;
  }

  private isTokenExpired(): boolean {
    if (!this.tokenExpiry) return true;
    // Refresh 5 minutes before expiry
    return new Date() >= new Date(this.tokenExpiry.getTime() - 5 * 60 * 1000);
  }

  async getPool(): Promise<Pool> {
    if (this.pool && !this.isTokenExpired()) {
      return this.pool;
    }

    // Close existing pool if token expired
    if (this.pool) {
      await this.pool.end();
    }

    const token = await this.getToken();
    this.pool = new Pool({
      ...this.config,
      password: token
    });

    return this.pool;
  }

  async query<T>(text: string, params?: any[]): Promise<QueryResult<T>> {
    const pool = await this.getPool();
    return pool.query<T>(text, params);
  }

  async end(): Promise<void> {
    if (this.pool) {
      await this.pool.end();
      this.pool = null;
    }
  }
}

// Usage
const azurePool = new AzurePostgresPool({
  host: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_HOST!,
  database: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_DATABASE!,
  user: process.env.AZURE_POSTGRESQL_USER!,
  port: 5432,
  ssl: { rejectUnauthorized: true },
  max: 20
});

const result = await azurePool.query("SELECT NOW()");

Error Handling

import { DatabaseError } from "pg";

try {
  await pool.query("INSERT INTO users (email) VALUES ($1)", [email]);
} catch (error) {
  if (error instanceof DatabaseError) {
    switch (error.code) {
      case "23505":  // unique_violation
        console.error("Duplicate entry:", error.detail);
        break;
      case "23503":  // foreign_key_violation
        console.error("Foreign key constraint failed:", error.detail);
        break;
      case "42P01":  // undefined_table
        console.error("Table does not exist:", error.message);
        break;
      case "28P01":  // invalid_password
        console.error("Authentication failed");
        break;
      case "57P03":  // cannot_connect_now (server starting)
        console.error("Server unavailable, retry later");
        break;
      default:
        console.error(`PostgreSQL error ${error.code}: ${error.message}`);
    }
  }
  throw error;
}

Connection String Format

// Alternative: Use connection string
const pool = new Pool({
  connectionString: `postgres://${user}:${password}@${host}:${port}/${database}?sslmode=require`
});

// With SSL required (Azure)
const connectionString = 
  `postgres://user:[email protected]:5432/mydb?sslmode=require`;

Pool Events

const pool = new Pool({ /* config */ });

pool.on("connect", (client) => {
  console.log("New client connected to pool");
});

pool.on("acquire", (client) => {
  console.log("Client checked out from pool");
});

pool.on("release", (err, client) => {
  console.log("Client returned to pool");
});

pool.on("remove", (client) => {
  console.log("Client removed from pool");
});

pool.on("error", (err, client) => {
  console.error("Unexpected pool error:", err);
});

Azure-Specific Configuration

Setting	Value	Description
`ssl.rejectUnauthorized`	`true`	Always use SSL for Azure
Default port	`5432`	Standard PostgreSQL port
PgBouncer port	`6432`	Use when PgBouncer enabled
Token scope	`https://ossrdbms-aad.database.windows.net/.default`	Entra ID token scope
Token lifetime	~1 hour	Refresh before expiry

Pool Sizing Guidelines

Workload	`max`	`idleTimeoutMillis`
Light (dev/test)	5-10	30000
Medium (production)	20-30	30000
Heavy (high concurrency)	50-100	10000

Note: Azure PostgreSQL has connection limits based on SKU. Check your tier's max connections.

Best Practices

Always use connection pools for production applications
Use parameterized queries - Never concatenate user input
Always close connections - Use try/finally or connection pools
Enable SSL - Required for Azure (ssl: { rejectUnauthorized: true })
Handle token refresh - Entra ID tokens expire after ~1 hour
Set connection timeouts - Avoid hanging on network issues
Use transactions - For multi-statement operations
Monitor pool metrics - Track pool.totalCount, pool.idleCount, pool.waitingCount
Graceful shutdown - Call pool.end() on application termination
Use TypeScript generics - Type your query results for safety

Key Types

import {
  Client,
  Pool,
  PoolClient,
  PoolConfig,
  QueryResult,
  QueryResultRow,
  DatabaseError,
  QueryConfig
} from "pg";

Reference Links

Resource	URL
node-postgres Docs	https://node-postgres.com
npm Package	https://www.npmjs.com/package/pg
GitHub Repository	https://github.com/brianc/node-postgres
Azure PostgreSQL Docs	https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/postgresql/flexible-server/
Passwordless Connection	https://learn.microsoft.com/azure/postgresql/flexible-server/how-to-connect-with-managed-identity

Files

ATTRIBUTION.mdAdded by AutoGineer970 B
LICENSELicence file added by AutoGineer1.1 KiB
SKILL.md13.1 KiB

Requirements and compatibility

Works with: Claude Code, Claude apps, OpenAI Codex, GitHub Copilot, Cursor, Gemini CLI, Kiro, OpenCode, Goose, Amp, Roo Code, JetBrains Junie, Factory Droid, Devin (ex-Windsurf), Mistral Vibe, OpenHands, Letta

“Works with” means the tool reads the open Agent Skills format; a skill written for one tool may use features others lack.

Needs: Needs Node.js

Security

No issues found by our static scan· No issues found

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Attribution and licence

Created by

Microsoft

Publisher

Microsoft (Official)

Source

microsoft/skills · .github/plugins/azure-sdk-typescript/skills/azure-postgres-ts · commit 0696600

Licence

MIT License (redistribution allowed)

LICENSE (added by AutoGineer from LICENSE)
ATTRIBUTION.md (written by AutoGineer)

Synced

2026-11-09

AutoGineer is not affiliated with or endorsed by Microsoft or Microsoft.

Download ZIP

The ZIP holds the skill’s files, its licence files and an ATTRIBUTION.md. Download azure-postgres-ts.zip